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长期不同施肥模式对杂草群落及早稻产量的影响

程传鹏1,2,崔佰慧1,2,汤雷雷1,2,陶勇1,潘俊峰1,4,陈防1,3**   

  1. 1中国科学院武汉植物园, 中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室, 武汉 430074;2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目部, 武汉 430074; 4安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036)
  • 出版日期:2013-11-10 发布日期:2013-11-10

Effects of different long-term fertilization modes on weed community and early rice yield.

CHENG Chuan-peng1,2, CUI Bai-hui1,2, TANG Lei-lei1,2, TAO Yong1, PAN Jun-feng1,4, CHEN Fang1,3**   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3China Program of International Plant Nutrition Institute, Wuhan 430074, China; 4College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China)
  • Online:2013-11-10 Published:2013-11-10

摘要:

为了明确长期不同施肥模式对中国南方地区稻-稻-闲轮作系统早稻田杂草群落及早稻产量的影响,在28年定位施肥试验田中,调查了稻田杂草密度、地上生物量、冠层光照透过率及早稻产量构成因素,并测定了土壤有效养分、杂草及早稻植株N、P、K含量和吸收量。结果表明:不同施肥模式改变了土壤养分状况,导致了田间杂草群落和早稻产量的显著差异;在同时施用N、P和K肥以及N、P和K肥配施有机肥处理中杂草群落密度较小、物种多样性也较低,但杂草生长良好,地上生物量较高;土壤有效养分的显著增加提高了早稻产量,使早稻获得了更强的竞争力,降低了田间杂草获得的光照,使其生长受到抑制。
 

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 孢子, 种类分布, 多样性, 优势种

Abstract:

To understand the effects of different long-term fertilization modes on the weed community and early rice yield in ricericefallowing system in Southern China, an investigation was conducted on the weed density, aboveground biomass, canopy light transmittance, and rice yield components in a 28-year experimental field, and a measurement was made on the soil available nutrient contents and the N, P, and K contents and absorption rates in weeds and early rice plant. Different fertilization modes changed the soil nutrient status, leading to a significant difference in the weed community and rice yield. In the treatments of chemical N, P, and K fertilization and its combination with organic fertilization, the weed community density was relatively small, and the weed species diversity was relatively low, but the weeds grew well, and their aboveground biomass was high. The significant increase of soil available nutrients in the two treatments promoted the early rice growth and increased the rice yield significantly, and made the early rice have much stronger competitive capability, which decreased the light capture by weeds and restrained the weed growth.
 

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), species distribution, spore, dominant species., diversity