贵州重点地区土壤和水体中汞的生态风险

生态学杂志

贵州重点地区土壤和水体中汞的生态风险

李强^1,2,张瑞卿³,郭飞²,莫测辉¹,廖海清^2**

(¹暨南大学环境工程系，广州 510632； ²中国环境科学研究院，北京 100012； ^3 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所， 广州 510640)

出版日期:2013-08-10 发布日期:2013-08-10

Ecological risk assessment of mercury in soils and waters in Guizhou Province of Southwest China.

LI Qiang^1,2, ZHANG Rui-qing³, GUO Fei², MO Ce-hui¹, LIAO Hai-qing^{2 **}

(¹Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ²Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; ³Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

Online:2013-08-10 Published:2013-08-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析了贵州省土壤和地表水体中汞含量空间分布状况，分别采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价了土壤中的汞污染程度和潜在生态风险；采用单因子法表征了水体总汞污染程度，应用安全阈值法对水体活性汞和甲基汞进行生态风险评价。结果表明：贵州省汞矿区及涉汞行业毗邻区域土壤中总汞污染程度较高，涉汞区23个点位中严重污染、重污染和偏重污染水平分别占78.26%、13.04%和8.70%，且均为极度生态危害。非涉汞区除青山坡土壤中汞的生态风险极强外，其他区域土壤中汞的污染程度不高，生态风险属于可接受水平。贵州省汞开采与冶炼、铅锌冶炼、有机化工等行业已造成毗邻水体出现较严重的汞污染，且污染范围有扩大和延伸的趋势，但对水生生物有直接影响的活性汞和甲基汞的生态风险较小。

关键词: 自然干扰, 人为干扰, 种子传播数量, 种子传播距离, 幼苗更新

Abstract: This paper analyzed the spatial distribution of mercury (Hg) in the soils and surface waters in Guizhou Province. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were applied to assess the pollution degree and the ecological risk of total mercury (THg) in soils, and the single factor method and safety threshold method were employed to evaluate the THg pollution degree and the ecological risks of reactive mercury (RHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in surface waters, respectively. The results showed that in the soils close to mercury-related mines and factories, there was a higher THg pollution. Of the 23 soil samples from the mercuryrelated mines and factories, the extreme, severe, and moderately severe THg pollution occupied 78.26%, 13.04%, and 8.70% of the total samples, respectively. Meanwhile, the potential ecological risk of THg in the soils was extremely high. In the other areas, soil THg pollution was moderate, and the potential ecological risk was acceptable. The THg pollution in the surface waters close to mercury mines, lead-zinc mines, and organic chemistry factories was serious, but the ecological risk to aquatic organisms was negligible due to the low concentrations of RHg and MeHg.

Key words: natural disturbance, human disturbance, seed dispersal quantity, seed dispersal distance, seedling regeneration.

李强1,2,张瑞卿3,郭飞2,莫测辉1,廖海清2**. 贵州重点地区土壤和水体中汞的生态风险[J]. 生态学杂志.

LI Qiang1,2, ZHANG Rui-qing3, GUO Fei2, MO Ce-hui1, LIAO Hai-qing2 **. Ecological risk assessment of mercury in soils and waters in Guizhou Province of Southwest China.[J]. cje.

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