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长江口刀鲚渔汛特征及捕捞量现状

刘凯,段金荣,徐东坡,张敏莹,方弟安,施炜纲**   

  1. (农业部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站, 中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业生态环境和资源重点开放实验室, 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心, 江苏无锡 214081)
  • 出版日期:2012-12-10 发布日期:2012-12-10

Present situation of Coilia nasus population features and yield in Yangtze River estuary waters in fishing season.

LIU Kai, DUAN Jin-rong, XU Dong-po, ZHANG Min-ying, FANG Di-an, SHI Wei-gang**   

  1. (Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China)
  • Online:2012-12-10 Published:2012-12-10

摘要: 于2010—2012年,在长江南支宝山水域和北港水域设置调查断面,研究了长江口刀鲚渔获规格、渔汛特征及捕捞量。结果表明:调查期内刀鲚汛期平均全长为(316±36) mm,平均体长为(294±35) mm,平均体重为(99±37) g;单船全汛捕捞量为65.9~875.4 kg,均值为338.7 kg;日均捕捞量变幅为2.3~23.4 kg·d-1,均值为9.4 kg·d-1;长江口刀鲚汛期有证总捕捞量为8.2~109.4 t,平均为42.3 t;宝山水域单船捕捞量各项指标均低于北港水域;2010—2012年刀鲚发汛时间最早为2月23日,最晚为3月5日,3月末—4月中旬为旺汛期,旺汛期捕捞量比例为60.96%~82.62%;刀鲚汛期捕捞量与水温和潮汛关系密切,通常水温升至12 ℃附近时开始进入旺汛期,各年份最高日捕捞量对应的水温介于-13  ℃~14.5 ℃,平均为13.7 ℃;调查期间低潮期捕捞量占汛期总捕捞量的比例显著高于高潮期,其中低潮期捕捞量比例最高为82.97%,最低为62.05%。

Abstract: In 2010-2012, investigation sections were installed in the waters of Baoshan and North Channel to study the capture size, population features, and annual yield of Coilia nasus in Yangtze River estuary in fishing season. During the study period, the total length, standard length, and body weight of the C. nasus were averagely 316±36 mm, 294±35 mm, and 99±37 g, respectively. The yield per boat in fishing season ranged from 65.9 to 875.4 kg, with an average of 338.7 kg, the daily catch in fishing season ranged from 2.3 to 23.4 kg, averagely 9.4 kg, and the total licensed catch in fishing season ranged from 8.2 to 109.4 t, with an average of 42.3 t. All the indices related to the yield per boat were lower in Baoshan waters than in North Channel waters. Furthermore, it was found that the fishing season of C. nasus in Yangtze River estuary started earliest in February 23 and latest in March 5, and the peak fishing season usually continued from late March to middle April, with the catch percentage ranged from 60.96% to 82.62%. The results indicated that the catch amount of C. nasus was closely related to water temperature and tide. Generally, the peak fishing season came when the water temperature was up to 12 ℃, and the water temperature corresponding to the maximum daily catch in each year ranged from 13 ℃ to 14.5 ℃, with a mean of 13.7 ℃. During the investigation, the fishing amount at low tide periods had an obviously higher percentage to the total fishing amount in fishing season periods, when compared with that at high tide periods. The maximum percentage of the fishing amount at low tide periods was 82.97%, and the minimum was 62.05%.