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除草剂百草枯对浮萍科不同植物的毒性效应比较

王林林1,张光富1**,何谐1,葛峰2,周军英2   

  1. 1南京师范大学生命科学学院, 江苏省生物多样性与生物技术重点实验室, 南京 210023; 2环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042)
  • 出版日期:2013-06-10 发布日期:2013-06-10

Toxic effects of herbicide paraquat on different species of Lemnaceae.

WANG Lin-lin1, ZHANG Guang-fu1**, HE Xie1, GE Feng2, ZHOU Jun-ying2   

  1. (1 School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Nanjing 210023, China; 2Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, the National Environmental Protection Department, Nanjing 210042, China)
  • Online:2013-06-10 Published:2013-06-10

摘要:

为揭示除草剂对3种浮萍科植物的毒害作用,采用半数抑制浓度(IC50)和慢性值(ChV)分析并比较百草枯对其急性和慢性毒性效应。结果表明:处理96 h后,紫萍、兰氏萍和浮萍叶状体的IC50值依次为17.37、6.16和4.75 μg·L-1,百草枯对浮萍科不同植物的急性毒性作用存在明显差别(P<0.05);3种植物叶绿素含量均随百草枯浓度的升高而显著下降,处理4 d 后,两者呈显著负相关(P<0.05);紫萍的ChV为3.05 μg·L-1,兰氏萍和浮萍的ChV均为0.96 μg·L-1;根据叶状体指标,紫萍的ChV为10.780 μg·L-1,浮萍的ChV仅为3.410 μg·L-1,表明不论根据叶状体个数还是叶绿素含量,百草枯对浮萍的长期毒害效应均大于紫萍。因此,百草枯对3种浮萍科植物的毒害作用存在明显的分类学效应、浓度剂量效应和时间滞后效应。

 

关键词: 盐沼植物, 种间关联, 崇明东滩, 生态种组, 物种保护

Abstract: To explore the toxic effects of herbicides on different species of Lemnaceae, the median inhibition concentration (IC50) and chronic value (ChV) of paraquat to Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, and Lemna minor were measured, with the acute and chronic toxic effects of paraquat on these three Lemnaceae species compared. After treated for 96 hours, the IC50 value of paraquat to S. polyrhiza, L. punctata, and L. minor was 17.37, 6.16, and 4.75 μg·L-1, respectively, and there existed significant differences among the acute toxicity (P<0.05). The chlorophyll content of the three species all decreased significantly with increasing paraquat concentration, and after treated for four days, a significant negative correlation was observed between the chlorophyll content and paraquat concentration (P<0.05). The ChV of paraquat to S. polyrhiza was 3.050 μg·L-1, and while that to both L. punctata and L. minor was 0.964 μg·L-1. However, in light of frond features, the ChV of paraquat to S. polyrhiza was 10.780 μg·L-1, while that to L. minor was only 3.410 μg·L-1, implying that the chronic toxic effect of paraquat to L. minor, whether from the viewpoint of frond features or chlorophyll content, was greater than that to S. polyrhiza. Therefore, under the treatment of paraquat, the three species of Lemnaceae demonstrated obvious plant taxonomy effect, dose effect, and time lag effect.

Key words: Chongming Dongtan, inter-specific association, ecological species group, species protection., salt marsh plant