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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 2644-2650.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京城市化进程中的水资源利用区际冲突初探

杨佩国1**,吴绍洪2,胡俊锋1,李静3,潘韬2,于伯华2   

  1. (1民政部国家减灾中心, 北京 100124; 2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101; 3环境保护部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094)
  • 出版日期:2012-10-10 发布日期:2012-10-10

Interregional conflicts in water resources utilization during Beijing urbanization.

YANG Pei-guo1**, WU Shao-hong2, HU Jun-feng1, LI Jing3, PAN Tao2, YU Bo-hua2   

  1. (1 National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Beijing 100124; 2 Institute of Geography Science and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China; 3 Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100094, China)
  • Online:2012-10-10 Published:2012-10-10

摘要: 随着城市化进程的快速推进,北京市对水资源的需求量和对水质要求都相应提高,在流域水资源总量有限的情况下,引起同一流域内上游地区可用水量的减少,同时,也会要求上游地区采取各种措施提高水质保护水平,这在一定程度上限制了上游地区经济发展和人民生活质量的改善,使流域下游城市与上游地区之间产生水资源利用区际冲突。本文在分析北京市水资源供需矛盾的基础上,探讨了基于水质保护和需水量增加的流域水资源利用区际冲突问题,分析认为水资源总量不足、权属不清以及没有完全实行区际补偿机制,是产生水资源利用区际冲突的根本原因。建议协调流域内各地区的经济利益,建立水资源补偿与合作机制,逐步实施水权分配制度,实行流域水资源统一管理,建立流域水资源新型管理体制,同时加快大型调水工程建设和使用,是解决水资源利用区际冲突问题的主要途径。  

关键词: 东北三省, 作物产量潜力, 产量潜力损失率, 气候资源利用效率

Abstract: With rapid urbanization, Beijing needs more and more water with high quality, which inevitably reduces the water amount in the upper reaches of the whole watershed. Meanwhile, it requires the upper reaches to adopt various measures, including limiting industry development, to protect water quality, which in a certain degree restricts the economic development and life quality improvement in the upper reaches, resulting in the interregional conflicts in water resources utilization between the upper reaches and the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the imbalance between the water supply and demand in Beijing, this paper discussed the interregional conflicts of the watershed water resources utilization on the basis of water quality protection and water demand increase. It was considered that the inadequate total water resources, unclear ownership, and having not fully implement interregional compensation mechanism could be the main causes for the interregional conflicts of water resources utilization. To solve this problem, four measures should be adopted, i.e., coordinating the economic benefits among different regions and establishing eco-compensation and cooperation mechanism, applying right water allocation institution, implementing unified management of basin water resources, and accelerating the construction and utilization of huge project to transfer water to Beijing.

Key words: three provinces of Northeast China, crop potential yield, potential yield loss rate, climatic resource utilization efficiency.