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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (02): 394-398.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

珠三角典型稻田生态沟渠型人工湿地的非点源污染削减功能

何元庆1,魏建兵1**,胡远安2,吴志峰1,3,程〓炯1,刘〓平1,刘晓南1   

  1. 1广东省生态环境与土壤研究所, 广州 510650; 2中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 广州 510640; 3广州大学地理科学学院, 广州 510006
  • 出版日期:2012-02-08 发布日期:2012-02-08

Non-point source pollution control function of constructed wetland in the ditches of paddy field system in Pearl River Delta.

HE Yuan-qing1, WEI Jian-bing1**, HU Yuan-an2, WU Zhi-feng1,3, CHENG Jiong1, LIU Ping1, LIU Xiao-nan1   

  1. 1Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; 2Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; 3School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • Online:2012-02-08 Published:2012-02-08

摘要: 为了评价珠江三角洲地区农业非点源污染控制技术的开发与削减功能,本研究以珠海市斗门区上洲村典型稻田系统为例,提出了一种适应当地实际情况的生态沟渠型人工湿地构建技术,并进行了示范工程建设和防治效果评价。结果表明:该生态沟渠利用农田既有的排灌系统,经过适当改建而成;在满足原有排灌功能的前提下,对稻田排水径流中固体悬浮物(SS)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(CODCr)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)、生化需氧量(BOD5)的去除效率分别达到71.7%、63.4%、49.9%、26.6%、14.5%和11.6%;对营养型和颗粒态污染物质净化作用效果较好,对有机型污染物净化作用有限;其中对SS和TP的作用最为明显。该技术和工程成本效益良好,既减轻了稻田排水对附近水体的污染负荷,又增加了农田的景观效果。在珠三角及类似的经济发达而人地关系紧张的地区具有一定的推广价值。

关键词: 栓皮栎, 林窗, 实生苗, 构型

Abstract: This paper proposed a method of site-specific ecological ditch construction as an available technique for farmland non-point pollution control in Pearl River Delta. A typical paddy field system of Shangzhou Village located at Doumen District of Zhuhai City was selected as a case. The demonstration project was constructed by properly converting original farmland irrigation and drainage system to a well-designed wetland, and the control efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of suspended solid (SS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), NH+4-N, and biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days (BOD5) in the runoff of the paddy field system was 71.7%, 63.4%, 49.9%, 26.6%, 14.5%, and 11.6%, respectively, without harming inherent drainage function. The wetland system worked well in reducing nutrient and particulate pollutants, especially for TP and SS, but had no significant effects in reducing organic pollutants. The proposed method of site-specific ecological ditch construction was cost-effective, which reduced the pollution load of the runoff to adjacent water body and improved the farmland landscape, with definite demonstration value for controlling non-point source pollution in Pearl River Delta and in similar regions with developed economy, high population, and scarce land.

Key words: Quercus variablis, forest gap, seedling, architecture.