原生动物在活性污泥中的作用

摘要/Abstract

Abstract: Protozoa in activated sludge can improve the sewage treatment,reduce the mass of sludge and indicate the quality of effluent.The following effects are reviewed:① extretion of growth factors and extracellular polymers; ②preying on bacteria.Preying changes the structure of bacteria community,stimulates the growth of bacteria in flocs and benefits the sediment of the activated sludge.Protozoa grazing on fecal bacteria and in the suspended liquor is essential for the production of good quality effluent.

Key words: greenhouse, tomato, development period of fruit, nighttime temperature, photosynthetic production.

中图分类号:

Q958.1

陈声贵, 许木启, 杨向平, 甘一萍, 翟家骥, 刘伟岩, 邵永怡. 原生动物在活性污泥中的作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2002, (3): 47-51,80.

Chen Shenggui, Xu Muqi, Yang Xiangping, Gan Yiping, Zhai Jiaji, Liu Weiyan, Shao Yongyi. Role of Protozoa in Activated-Sludge[J]. cje, 2002, (3): 47-51,80.

参考文献

[1] 沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.微型生物监测新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.72.
[2] Al-Shahwani S.M.et al.The use protozoa to indicate changes in the performance of activated sludge plants[J].Wat.Res.,1991,25:633～638.
[3] Andersson,A.et al.Release of amino acids and inorganic nutrients by heterotropic marine microflagellates[J].Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.,1985,23:99～106.
[4] Andrews,J.H.Relevance of r- and k- theory to the ecology of plant pathogens[A].In:Klug,M.J.(eds).Current Perspectives on Microbial Ecology[C].Washington DC:American Society for Microbial Ecology,1984.1～7.
[5] Albright,L.J.et al.Grazing of ciliated on free and particle-attached bacteria[J].Mar.Ecol.Proog.Ser,1987,38:125～129.
[6] Banno,Y.et al.Biochemical characteristics of secreted proteases during growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis WH-14:comparison of extracellular with intrecellular proteases[J].J.Protozool,1986,29:91～98.
[7] Barsdate,R.J.et al.Phosphorus cycle of model ecosystems:significance for decomposer food chains and effect of bacterial grazers[J].Oikos,1974,25:239～251.
[8] Berk,S.G.and Botts,J.A.Indirect effects of chlorinated wastewater on bacteriovorous protozoa[J].Environ.Pollut.(series A),1984,34:237～249.
[9] Curds,C.R.The ecology and role of protozoa in aerobic sewage treatment processes[J].A.Rev.Microbiol., 1982,36:27～46.
[10] Curds,C.R.and Cockburn,A.Studies on the growth and feeding of Tetrahymena puriformis in axenic and monoxenic culture[J].J.Gen.Microil.,1968,54:343～358.
[11] Curds,C.R.An ecological study of the ciliated protozoa in activated sludge[J].Oikos,1965,15:282～289.
[12] Curds,C.R.The ecology and role of protozoa in aerobic sewage treatment processes[J].A.Rev.Microbiol.,1982,36:27～46.
[13] Chudoba,J.Inhibitory effects of refractory organic compounds produced by activated sludge micro-organisms on microbial activity and flocculation[J].Wat.Res.,1985,19:197～200.
[14] Curds,C.R.and Fey,G.J.The effect of ciliated on fate of Escherichia coli in the activated-sludge process[J].Wat.Res.,1969,3:853～867.
[15] Colin,R.C.urds.The role of protozoa in the activated-sludge process[J].Amer.Zool.,1973,13:161～169.
[16] Clarholm,M.Microbes as predators or prey[A].In:Klug,M.J.(eds).Current Perspectives on Microbiol Ecology[C].Washington DC:American Society for Microbial Ecology,1984.321～326.
[17] Curds,C.R.and Cockburn,A.Continuous monoxenic culture of Tetrahymena pyriformis[J].J.Gen.Microbiol.,1971,66:95～108.
[18] Curds,C.R.and Vandyke,J.M.The feeding habits and growth rates of some fresh-water ciliated found in activated-sludge plants[J].J.Appl.Ecol.,1966,3:127～137.
[19] Curds,C.R.A theoretical study of factors influencing the microbial population dynamics of the activated-sludge process-Ⅰ.The effect of diurnal variations of sewage and carnivorous ciliated protozoa[J].Wat.Res.,1973,7:1269～1284.
[20] Curds,C.R.Microbial interactions involving protozoa[A].In:Curds, C.R.(eds).Aquactic Microbiology[C].London:Academic Press,1977.67～97.
[21] DriftC,V.et al.Removal of Escherichia coli in wastewater by activated sludge[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol,1977,34:315～319.
[22] Ekelund and Ronn.Notes on protozoa in agricultural soil with emphasis on heterotrophic flagellates andnaked amoebae and their ecology[J].FEMS Microbiol.Rev.,1994,15:321～353.
[23] Elliott,A.M.Life cycle and distribution of Tetrahymena[A].In:Elliott, A.M.Biology of Tetrahymena[C].Stroudsburg:Dowden,Hutchison and Ross,1973.
[24] Frolund,B.et al.Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin[J].Wat.Res.,1996,30:1749～1758.
[25] Fenchel,T.M.The significance of bacterivorous protozoa in the microbial community of detrital particles[A].In:Cairns,J.(eds).Aquatic Microbiol Communities,2nd[C].New York:Garland Publishing,1977.
[26] Fenchel,T.Suspension feeding in ciliated protozoa:functional response and particle size selection[J].Microbiol.Ecol.,1980,6:1～11.
[27] Glaser,D.Simultaneous consumption of bacteria and dissolved organic matter by Tetrahymena pyriformis[J].Microb.Ecol.,1988,15:189～201.
[28] Horan,N.J.Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems.Theory and Operation[M].Chichester:John Wiley and Sons,1990.
[29] Hans Gude.Grazing by protozoa as selection factor for activated sludge bacteria[J].Microl. Ecol.,1979,5:225～237.
[30] Hantula, J.and Bamford,D.H.The efficiency of the protein-dependent flocculation of Flavobacterium sp.is sensitive to the composition of growth medium[J].Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,1991,36:100～104.
[31] Hamer,G.et al.Biological treatment of industrial wastewater:a microbiological basis for process performance[J].J.Appl.Bacterial.,1985,(Supp):127～140.
[32] James,L.et al.Effect of protozoan on relative abundance of fast- and slow-growing bacteria[J].Can.J.Microbiol.,1989,35:578～582.
[33] Kooijman,S.A.L.M.Pollution dynamics on the basis of budgets[A].In:Metz, J.A.(eds).The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations,Lecture Notes in Biomathematics[C].Bern:Springer-Verlag,1986.266～297
[34] Lester,J.N.Biological treatment.in Heavy metals in wastewater and sludge treatment processes,Vol.2[A].treatment and Disposal[C].Boca Raton:CRC Press,1987.15～40.
[35] Madony,P.et al,Comparative analysis of the activated sludge microfauna in several sewage treatment works[J].Wat.Res.,1993,27:1485～1491.
[36] Mallory,L.M.et al.Alternative Prey:a mechanism for elimination of bacterial species by protozoa[J].App.Environ.Microbiol,1983,46:1073～1079.
[37] Mallory. et al.Reason for possible failure of inoculation to enhancebiodegradation[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1985,50:977～983.
[39] Obayaski,A.W.and Gaudi,A.F.Aerobic digestion of extracellular[J].J.Wat.Pollut.Control Fed.,1973,45:1584～1594.
[40] Peter,H.et al.Effects of bacterivorous ciliated protozoa on degradation efficiency of a petrochemical activated sludge process[J].Wat.Res.,2000,34(7):2051～2060.
[41] Poole,J.E.P.A study of the relationship between the mixed liquor fauna and plant performance for a variety of activated sludge sewage treatment[J].Wat.Res.,1984,18:281～287.
[42] Paola,M.et al.Comparative analysis of the activated sludge microfauna in several sewage treatment works[J].Wat.Res.,1993,27:1495～1491.
[43] Ratsak,C.H. et al.Biomass reduction and mineralization increase due to the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis grazing on the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1994,29:119～128.
[44] Sambanis,A.and Fredrickson,A.G.Persistence of bacteria in the presence of viable,nonencysting,bacterivorous ciliates[J].Microb.Ecol.,1988,27:891～895.
[45] Salavado,H.and Gracia,M.P.Determination of organic loading rate of activated sludge plants based on protozoan analysis[J].Wat.Res.,1993,27:891～895
[46] Sherr.et al.Trophic interactions within pelagic microbial communities:indications of feedback regulation of carbon flow[J].Hydyobiologia,1988,159:19～26.
[47] Shuichi Shikano et al.Changes of traits in a bacterial population associated with protozoan predation[J].Microbiol. Ecol.,1990,20:75～84.
[48] Sibbald,M.J.and Albright,L.J.Aggregated and free bacteria as food sources for heterotrophic microflagellates[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1988,54:613～616.
[49] Shofield,T.Some biological aspects of the activated sludge plant at Leicester[J].Wat.Pollut.Control.,1971,70:32～46.
[50] Sudo,R.and Aiha,S.Growth rate of Aspidiscidae isolated from activated sludge[J].Wat.Res.,1972,6:137～144.
[51] Salvado,H.Effect of mean cellular retention time on ciliated protozoan populations in urban wastewater treatment plants based on a proposed model[J].Wat.Res.,1993,28:1315～1321.
[52] Tezuka,Y.A.Zoogloea bacterium with gelatinous mucupolysaccharide matrix[J].J.Wat.Pullut.Control Fed.,1973,45:531～536.
[53] Taylor,W.D.and Berger,J.Microspatial heterogeneity in the distribution of ciliates in a small pond[J].Microbiol.Ecol.,1980,6:27～34.
[38] Nisbet B nUTTITION AND fEEDING sTRATEGIES IN pROTOZOA [m] Lpondom Croom Helm,1984