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生态学杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (06): 1135-1142.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期不同施肥制度对潮棕壤肥力及微生物活性的影响

徐永刚1,2;宇万太1**;马 强1;周 桦1   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016;2中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
  • 出版日期:2010-06-10 发布日期:2010-06-10

Effects of fertilization system on the fertility and microbial activity of aquic brown soil: A long-term field experiment.

XU Yong-gang1,2;YU Wan-tai1;MA Qiang1;ZHOU Hua1   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Online:2010-06-10 Published:2010-06-10

摘要: 利用长期定位试验研究了不同施肥制度对潮棕壤肥力及微生物活性的影响。结果表明:长期施用有机肥、无机肥显著降低土壤pH;长期施用化肥并不能增加土壤全碳、氮含量,而有机肥的长期施用却能显著提高土壤有机质含量;土壤长期无P、K肥料施入则会出现P、K的亏损。有机肥处理(M,N+M和NPK+M)的微生物量均显著高于不施肥处理(CK),且这些处理间无显著差异;NPK处理与CK处理间无显著差异,而长期施用N肥显著降低土壤微生物量;均衡施肥处理(M,N+M,NPK和NPK+M)均能显著增强土壤微生物呼吸(P<0.05),而单施N处理对土壤微生物呼吸无显著影响;与CK相比,施肥处理均能显著提高土壤氨化作用(P<0.05),其中以NPK+M处理最高;除N处理外,其他施肥处理均显著提高土壤硝化作用(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,土壤微生物量碳、氮,微生物呼吸,氨化和硝化作用均与土壤全碳、全氮极显著相关(P<0.01),均能够较好地反映土壤肥力变化情况;而土壤微生物活性与其他理化因子相关性不一致,表明它们对土壤理化因子变化的响应程度不同。

关键词: 污染土壤, 修复标准, 方法体系, 生态风险评价

Abstract: Soil samples were collected from a long term experimental field to study the effects of different fertilization system on the fertility and microbial activity of aquic brown soil. Long-term fertilization, both inorganic and organic, decreased soil pH significantly. Chemical fertilization did not increase the contents of soil total carbon and nitrogen, while organic fertilization increased soil organic matter content significantly. Long term non-fertilization with chemical P and K induced the deficit of soil P and K. Organic fertilization, including manure (M), N+M, and NPK+M, increased soil microbial biomass (MB) significantly, compared with non-fertilization (CK). However, the difference in MB among treatments M, N+M, and NPK+M was not significant. No significant difference in MB was also observed between treatments NPK and CK. Soil microbial respiration was increased significantly in treatments M, N+M, NPK, and NPK+M, but had less change in treatment N. Comparing with CK, all fertilization treatments increased soil ammonification significantly, especially in treatment NPK+M. All fertilization treatments except treatment N increased soil nitrification significantly. Correlation analysis showed that soil microbial biomass C and N, microbial respiration, ammonification, and nitrification were significantly correlated with the contents of soil total carbon and nitrogen (P<0.01), suggesting that they could better reflect the changes of soil fertility, while soil microbial activity was discrepantly related to the other physical and chemical factors, suggesting that they had different responses to the changes of soil physical and chemical factors.

Key words: Contaminated soil, Remediation standard, Methodology, Ecological risk assessment