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生态学杂志 ›› 2009, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 2056-2062.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江口崇明东滩鱼类群落组成和生物多样性

张涛1;庄平1,3**;刘健2;章龙珍1;冯广朋1;侯俊利1;赵峰1;刘鉴毅1   

  1. 1中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业资源及生态重点实验室,上海 200090; 2上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处,上海 200002;  3上海海洋大学上海高校水产养殖学E研究院,上海 200090
  • 出版日期:2009-11-10 发布日期:2009-11-10

Species composition and biodiversity of fish community in Chongming Dongtan of Yangtze River estuary.

 ZHANG Chao1;PENG Beng 1,3;LIU Jian2;ZHANG Long-Zhen1;FENG An-Peng1;HOU Dun-Li1;ZIAO Feng1;LIU Jian-Yi1   

  1. 1East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China|2Superintendency Department of Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Nature Reserve for Chinese Sturgeon, Shanghai 200092, China|3Aquaculture Division, EInstitute of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200090, China
  • Online:2009-11-10 Published:2009-11-10

摘要: 对2004—2006年每年的5—8月长江口崇明东滩鱼类群落组成和生物多样性进行了调查。结果表明:崇明东滩鱼类群落共有14目22科37属39种,以鲈形目最多,鲤形目次之,鱼类群落可分为4个生态类型,其中淡水鱼类13种、河口定居性鱼类6种、洄游性鱼类4种、近海鱼类16种,群落优势种为长蛇鮈(Saurogobio dumerili)、中国花鲈(Lateolabrax mac)、窄体舌鳎(Cynoglossus gracilis)、刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、鮻(Liza haematocheila)和鲻(Mugil cephalus)共6种;多样性特征值平均指标为Margalef丰富度指数(R)为2.30,ShannonWiener多样性指数(H′)为1.95,Wilhm多样性改进指数(H″)为2.17,McNaughton优势度指数Dn和Dw分别为0.60和0.45,Simpson单纯度指数(C)为022,Pielou均匀度指数(J′)为0.59;崇明东滩鱼类群落中体质量<50 g的小型鱼类占绝对优势,经济鱼类趋于小型化,生物多样性呈下降趋势。为了保护崇明东滩的鱼类资源,应加大重要种群和生境保护和恢复的力度。

关键词: 汽车尾气, 叶液pH值, 相对电导率, 叶绿素, MDA, SOD, POD, ASA

Abstract: An investigation on the species composition and biodiversity of fish community in Chongming Dongtan of Yangtze River estuary was made in MayAugust,
2004-2006. A total of 39  species were collected, belonging to 37 genera, 22 families, and 14 orders. The dominant species were Saurogobio dumerili, Lateolabrax maculatus, Cynoglossus gracilis, Coilia ectenes, Liza haematocheila, and Mugil cephalus. Perciformes was most abundant, followed by Cypriniformes. The fish community could be classified into 4 ecological types, i.e., freshwater fish (13 species), estuarine fish (4 species), migratory fish (6 species), and marine fish (16 species). The eigenvalues of species diversity were Margalef’s index (R) being 2.30, ShannonWiener’s index (H′) being 1.95, Wilhm’s index (H″) being 2.17, McNaughton’s indices Dn and Dw being 0.60 and 0.45, respectively, Simpson’s index (C) being
 0.22, and Pielou’s index (J′) being 0.59. In the fish community, small with a mean body weight less than 50 g were the most superior in numbers, the
 capture size of commercial fishes became smaller, and the biodiversity decreased. It’s needed to strengthen the conservation and restoration of key fish species and their important habitats to protect the fish resources in Chongming Dongtan.

Key words: Automobile exhaust, Leaf cell pH value, Relative conductivity, Chlorophyll, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Peroxidase, Ascorbic acid