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高寒退化草地狼毒种群地上生物量空间格局对地形的响应

侯兆疆,赵成章**,李钰,张茜,马小丽   

  1. (西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心, 兰州 730070)
  • 出版日期:2013-02-10 发布日期:2013-02-10

Responses of the spatial pattern of Stellera chamaejasme’s aboveground biomass to topography in degraded alpine grassland.

HOU Zhao-jiang, ZHAO Cheng-zhang**, LI Yu, ZHANG Qian, MA Xiao-li   

  1. (Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
  • Online:2013-02-10 Published:2013-02-10

摘要: 地上生物量的空间格局是物种分布格局的重要内容,在小尺度范围内因地形差异导致的环境异质性是这种格局形成和演变的环境基础。在2011年8月野外调查的基础上,借助ArcGIS和S-PLUS软件,利用广义相加模型(GAM)对退化高寒草地狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种群的空间分布格局进行了研究,定量分析了狼毒地上生物量空间格局对主要地形因子的响应机制。结果表明:狼毒种群地上生物量受地形因子影响的顺序为坡向>坡度>海拔>平面曲率>剖面曲率;坡向和坡度两种地形因子对狼毒的地上生物量空间格局的贡献率分别为3.75和1.48,其余因子则相对较小;狼毒地上生物量在海拔、平面曲率和剖面曲率梯度上的分布比较均衡,在坡向梯度上呈开口向下的抛物线趋势,在坡度梯度上则呈现开口向上的抛物线趋势。狼毒地上生物量空间异质性及其与地形因子之间的关系,反映了狼毒在地形因子对水热条件重分配影响下的响应机制及生长策略。

关键词: 红池坝地区, 生态恢复, 生态位, 种间普遍重叠, 种间特定重叠

Abstract: The spatial pattern of aboveground biomass is an important content of species distribution pattern, whereas the environmental heterogeneity caused by the topographical differences in the scope of small scales is the environmental basis for the formation and evolution of this pattern. Based on the field survey in August 2011 and with the help of GIS and SPLUS software, the generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to study the spatial distribution pattern of S. chamaejasme population in degraded alpine grassland, and to quantitatively analyze the response mechanisms of the spatial pattern of S. chamaejasme’s aboveground biomass to topographical factors. Topographical factors had definite effects on the aboveground biomass of S. chamaejasme, with the sequence of aspect > slope > elevation > plane curvature > profile curvature. The contribution degree of aspect and slope to the spatial pattern of S. chamaejasme’s aboveground biomass was 3.75 and 1.48, respectively, while the contribution of other topographic factors was relatively lower. The aboveground biomass of S. chamaejasme had a uniform distribution in the gradients of elevation, plane curvature, and profile curvature, but presented an opendown parabola tendency in aspect gradient and an openup parabola tendency in slope gradient. The relationships between the spatial heterogeneity of S. chamaejasme’s aboveground biomass and topographic factors reflected the response mechanisms and growth strategies of S. chamaejasme under the effects of the redistribution of water and heat conditions.

Key words: Hongchiba region, Ecological restoration, Niche, Interspecies general overlap, Interspecies specific overlap