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现代农业与新型农业类型与模式特点

李东坡1;武志杰1;陈利军1;马芳2;李勇2;周汝忠2;张宝宁2   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016;2黑龙江省八五三农场,宝清 155630

  • 收稿日期:2005-07-05 修回日期:2006-02-17 出版日期:2006-06-10 发布日期:2006-06-10

Characteristics of various patterns and types of contemporary and new-type agriculture

LI Dongpo1; WU Zhijie1; CHEN Lijun1; MA Fang2; LI Yong2; ZHOU Ruzhong2; ZHANG Baoning2   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2 853 Farm of Heilongjiang Province, Baoqing 155630, China

  • Received:2005-07-05 Revised:2006-02-17 Online:2006-06-10 Published:2006-06-10

摘要: 论述了目前现代与新型农业种类与模式的内涵、特点、基本指导思想与发展前景,分析了可持续农业、生态农业、有机农业、精准农业、设施农业、白色农业、城市农业、质量农业、蓝色农业、自然农业、生物农业、生物动力农业、集约农业及其他新型农业产生的背景条件和精髓,指出这些农业类型之间并不是完全对立,而是互相渗透与补充。其中的许多农业模式都注重依靠农业生态系统自身的循环,其生产过程有利于生态环境的改善和保护,但它们绝对排斥现代化学工业产品,侧重强调环境意识,忽视农业的生产功能和收益,会使农业生产效率和效益降低。面对人类人口增加和耕地面积不断减少的现实问题,这些替代农业很难实现大面积应用,如果能够把这些农业模式的精髓之处有机地结合起来,将形成具有生命力的现代农业,将主宰21世纪的农业潮流。

关键词: 混合稀土, 作物, 相对出苗率, LC50

Abstract: This paper discussed the connotation, characteristic, guiding ideology, and development prospects of various patterns and types of contemporary and new-type agriculture, and analyzed the emergence background and principles of sus-tainable agriculture,ecological agriculture, organic agriculture, precision farming, construction agriculture, white agriculture, urban agriculture, quality agriculture, blue agriculture, natural agriculture, biological agriculture, bio-dynamical agriculture, intensive agriculture, and varieties of new-type agriculture. It was indicated that each of these patterns and types was pervasive and complementary with each other, and many of them paid more attention to rely on the cycle of agro-ecosystem itself and to the production processes be beneficial to the improvement and protection of ecological environment. These patterns and types of contemporary and new-type agriculture rejected to use contemporary chemical products, emphasized environment consciousness, neglected agricultural production function and income, and consequently, reduced product benefit and productiveness. Facing to the new problems of increasing population and decreasing tillable field amount, some of these agricultural patterns were difficult to apply widely. If the distillations of these patterns could be combined together, a contemporary agriculture with powerful activity would be formed, and represent the tendency of agriculture development in 21 century.

Key words: Rare earth elements, Crop, Relative seedling ratio, LC50