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亚热带丘陵茶园间作白三叶的土壤环境调控效果

宋同清1;肖润林1;彭晚霞1,2;王久荣1;李盛华3;刘小飞2   

  1. 1中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 长沙 410125;2湖南农业大学农学院, 长沙 410128;3长沙县湘丰茶厂, 长沙 410158
  • 收稿日期:2005-08-25 修回日期:2005-12-12 出版日期:2006-03-08 发布日期:2006-03-08

Effects of intercropping white clover in tea plantation on soil environment in subtropical hilly region

SONG Tongqing1;XIAO Runlin1;PENG Wanxia1,2;WANG Jiurong1;LI Shenghua3;LIU Xiaofei2   

  1. 1Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125, China;2Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128, China;3Xiangfeng Tea Factory,Changsha 410158, China

  • Received:2005-08-25 Revised:2005-12-12 Online:2006-03-08 Published:2006-03-08

摘要: 在亚热带丘陵区1年生幼龄茶园通过连续4年间作白三叶大田试验,研究了其对茶园土壤环境及茶叶品质、产量的影响,结果表明,茶园间作白三叶降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤孔隙度、有机质、全氮、水解氮的含量及钾的活性,消耗了部分有效磷;增加了土壤关键层次(0~20 cm)和关键时期(4~6月)的水分含量,延缓和缩短了夏季高温干旱与秋季持续干旱时间;获得了土壤降温时增温、保温与升温时降温的双向动态调控效果,增加了同一层次土壤温度的稳定性,延缓了高温和低温的出现时间,缩短了过度高温时间。从而促进了茶树生长,改善了茶叶品质,显著增加了茶叶产量。与清耕茶园相比,茶园间作白三叶后,春秋茶的酚氨比分别下降了17.10%和30.90%,产量提高了32.65%。

关键词: 苜蓿, 沙打旺, 苗期生长, 土壤水分, 耗水量

Abstract: This paper investigated the effects of four years intercropping white clover in a one-year old tea plantation on soil environment,and tea yield and quality in subtropical hilly region.The results showed that intercropping white clover decreased soil bulk density,increased soil porosity and the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available potassium,and partly consumed soil organic phosphorous.It increased the moisture content in key soil layer (0~20 cm) during key time (April-June),and also,postponed and shortened the period of high temperature in summer and the continual drought in autumn.Intercropping showed duplex effects of raising and keeping temperature at cold time while lowering temperature during hot season,making the temperature of same soil layer more stable.Intercropping also postponed the coming of high and low temperature,shortened the duration of extreme high temperature,lightened the effects of high temperature on tea tree growth,and thus,boosted the growth of tea tree,and improved the tea yield and quality.Compared to single-cropping,intercropping decreased the ratio of polyphenol to amino acid in spring and autumn tea by 17.10% and 30.90%,respectively, and increased the tea yield by 32.65%.

Key words: Medicago sativa, Astragalus adsurgens, Seedling growth, Soil moisture, Water consumption