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科尔沁西部地区荒漠化土地植被恢复技术研究

蒋德明1;宗文君1,2;李雪华1,2;李晓兰1,2;刘志民1;闫巧玲1,2;贺山峰1,2   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;2中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039
  • 收稿日期:2005-04-28 修回日期:2005-11-02 出版日期:2006-03-08 发布日期:2006-03-08

Rehabilitation of desertified lands in western Horqin steppe

JIANG Deming1;ZONG Wenjun1,2;LI Xiaolan1,2;LIU Zhimin1;YAN Qiaoling1,2;HE Shanfeng1,2   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016, China;2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijng 100039, China
  • Received:2005-04-28 Revised:2005-11-02 Online:2006-03-08 Published:2006-03-08

摘要: 在科尔沁沙地西部对植物抗旱性、抗旱造林技术、沙丘植被恢复技术、退化草地改良技术进行了研究试验。抗旱生理的研究结果表明,差巴嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿比紫穗槐、胡枝子更适应干旱。对于杨树、山杏和樟子松,施用保水剂、固体水和在根际地表覆膜可分别提高造林成活率10%~30%。1.0 m×1.0 m的草方格在当地较适宜。如果综合利用生物措施和工程措施,固沙植物选择适当,在二、三年内就可将流沙固定。通过围栏封育、翻耙、补播、施肥、施用土壤改良剂等技术改良退化、碱化草场,平均产量提高2~4倍。施加氮肥明显提高了牧草蛋白质含量。改良后的草场土壤中蛋白酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、转化酶等总体上向良性发展。

关键词: 苔藓植物, 养分含量, 磷库

Abstract: This paper assessed the droughtresisting capacity of Artemisia halodendron,Caragana microphylla,Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza bicolor in western Horqin steppe,and approached the rehabilitation of desertified lands there.The results showed that A.halodedron and C.microphylla were more drought-resistant than A.fruticosa and L.bicolor.The application of waterconserving agent,solid water and film cover could increase the survival rate of planted trees by 10%-30%.1.0 m × 1.0 m straw checkboard was appropriate in the local sand-stabilization practice,with the consideration of sandstabilizing effects and cost.The combination of both mechanical and biological measurements could stabilize the sand dune in 2-3 years if sand binder was appropriate.Building enclosure,supplementary sowing,ploughharrowing,and applying fertilizer and soil-improving agent could ameliorate the degraded grassland,and raise the production by 2-4 times.Nitrogen fertilizer could raise the protein content of herbage.After the improvement of degraded grassland,an evident change in soil enzyme activities was detected,showing a good soil condition being built.

Key words: Bryophyte, Nutrient content, Phosphorous pool