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基于GIS的福建省双季稻气候-土壤生产潜力

陈惠;王加义;林晶;潘卫华;李丽纯;蔡文华   

  1. 福建省气象科学研究所, 福州 350001
  • 收稿日期:2007-09-11 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-07-10 发布日期:2008-07-10

Productivity potential of climate-soil for double cropping rice in Fujian Province based on GIS technology.

CHEN Hui;WANG Jia-yi;LIN Jin;PAN Wei-hua;LI Li-chun;CAI Wen-hua   

  1. Institute of Meteorological Science in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350001, China
  • Received:2007-09-11 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-07-10 Published:2008-07-10

摘要: 基于GIS建立了福建省双季稻生产空间数据库和属性数据库,利用改进的农业生态区域法,计算了福建省各县市双季稻的光温、气候、气候-土壤生产潜力,通过分级统计和制图,分析了福建省双季稻生产潜力数值分布和空间分布特征及潜力开发优势区。结果表明:人为调节农田水分到最适状态时,可使全省双季晚稻气候生产潜力平均增加1 800 kg·hm-2;人为调节肥料到最优状态时,可使全省双季稻气候-土壤生产潜力平均增加4 000 kg·hm-2,潜力很大;各区双季稻气候-土壤生产潜力开发优势值南部大于北部,其中以闽西南为最大。根据各级生产潜力的变化特点,明确农业投入方向,提出福建省粮食安全的对策建议:严格限制非农业用地,稳定双季稻种植面积;采用适合的双季稻品种搭配,充分利用各地农业气候资源;建设旱涝保收田;增施有机肥、种植绿肥,提高土壤肥力;针对福建省双季稻潜力优势开发区,分批重点投入。

关键词: 景观格局, 城市化, 北京市, 遥感

Abstract: The spatiality and attribute database of double cropping rice in Fujian Province were established based on the GIS technology, and the productivity potentials of sunlight and temperature, climate, and climatesoil of double cropping rice in each county of Fujian Province were calculated by using modified Kassam-Wageningen method. In terms of grading statistics and mapping, the numerical distribution of the productivity potentials as well as the spatial distribution and potentially predominant development regions of double cropping rice in this province were analyzed. The results showed that the productivity potential of climate would be increased by 1 800 kg·hm-2 when irrigation was appropriate, and that of climatesoil would be increased by 4 000 kg·hm-2 when fertilization was at an optimal level. Therefore, there existed great productivity potential for double cropping rice. Moreover, the productivity potential of climatesoil for double cropping rice was greater in south Fujian than in north Fujian, and the greatest potential was in southwest Fujian. According to the variation characteristics of the productivity potentials and ensuring the directions of agricultural input, the countermeasures of keeping food security of Fujian were brought forward: (1) to strictly restrict nonagricultural land and to keep the planting area of double cropping rice in stable, (2) to adopt appropriate planting ratio of different double cropping rice cultivars and to use the agricultural and climatic resources adequately, (3) to construct stable yielding cropland regardless drought or flooding, (4) to improve soil fertility by increasing organic fertilizer application and planting green manure, and (5) to increase input to the potentially predominant regions of developing double cropping rice step by step.

Key words: Landscape pattern, Urbanization, Beijing, Remote sensing