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古尔班通古特沙漠不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨的响应

王亚婷1,2,3;唐立松1,3   

  1. 1中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011;2中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049;3中国科学院阜康荒漠生态系统观测实验站, 新疆阜康 831500
  • 收稿日期:2008-11-03 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2009-06-10 发布日期:2009-06-10

Responses of different life-form plants in Garbantunggut Desert to small rainfall events.

WANG Ya-ting1,2,3;TANG Li-song1,3   

  1. 1Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3Fukang Desert Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831500, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2008-11-03 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-06-10 Published:2009-06-10

摘要: 对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘降雨模式和不同生活型植物对小雨量降水的生理响应进行了研究。通过分析1998—2007年的降雨数据,发现本区的降水模式为小雨量,高频率,0~5 mm的小雨量降雨占总降雨频次的898%,平均降雨间隔在6 d左右。选择了本区具有代表性的16种植物,利用叶片相对含水量作为指标,研究了不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨(1、2、3、4和5 mm)的响应。结果表明,所有草本植物(11种)对2~5 mm的降雨都有不同程度的响应,只有1种灌木(驼绒藜Ceratoides latens),对4 mm降雨有响应。这12种植物在降雨后的第1天,叶片相对含水量显著增加,水分状况得到显著改善,表明这些植物对小雨量(≤5 mm)降雨有显著响应,而半灌木(沙漠绢蒿Seriphidium santolinum)、灌木(梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron、柽柳Tamarix ramosissima)、小乔木(白梭梭Haloxylon persicum)对5 mm以下的降雨均无显著响应,小雨量降雨可能主要是被1年生草本植物所利用。通过统计各降雨梯度上响应的植物种数发现,在降雨量达到3 mm时开始响应的植物种类最多。综合考虑降雨模式与不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨的响应特点,高频率的小雨量降雨,可能是维持本区较高植被覆盖度的重要原因。

关键词: 小五台山, 亚高山草甸, 生境效应温度, 物种分布

Abstract: This paper studied the size characters of rainfall in south edge of Ga rbantunggut Desert and the responses of different life-form plants there to sma ll rainfall events. Based on the analysis of the precipitation data in 1998〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗2007, the study area had a high frequency but low amount of precipitation. Rainfall events occurred every 6 days averagely, and most (898%) of the events were ≤5 mm. Sixteen representative plant species were selected and their leaf relative water content (RWC) was used as the parameter to investigate the respon ses of different life-form plants in the area to small rainfall events (1, 2, 3 , 4, and 5 mm). The results showed that all 11 herb species had different degr ees of responses to 2〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗5 mm rainfall, and only one shrub species Ceratoides late ens responded to 4 mm rainfall significantly. The leaf RWC of the 12 species inc reased significantly after one day of rainfall, suggesting that these species ha d significant responses to small rainfall events (≤5 mm). Sub-shrub (Seriphi dium santolinum), shrub (Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix ramosissima), and small tree (Haloxylon persicum) did not respond to the rainfall events ≤5 mm. Small rainfall events mainly benefited herb species, and the hi gh frequency but low amount of rainfall partially explained the relatively high vegetation cover in this area.

Key words: MtXiaowutai, Subalpine meadow, Habitat effective temperature, Species distribution