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生态学杂志

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生态政策学及其评价方法

曹世雄1;陈军2;高旺盛3   

  1. 1中国农业大学经济管理学院, 北京 100094;
    2陕西省靖边县园艺站, 靖边 718500;
    3中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院区域农业发展研究中心, 北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2006-12-10 发布日期:2006-12-10

Ecological policy and its evaluation methods

CAO Shixiong1;CHEN Jun2;GAO Wangsheng1   

  1. 1College of Economics&Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;
    2Gardening Station of Jingbian County, Jingbian, Shaanxi 718500, China;
    3Regional Agriculture R&D Center,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2006-12-10 Published:2006-12-10

摘要: 生态政策学是研究国家机关、政党及其他政治团体在特定时期为实现或服务于一定社会政治、经济、文化、环境目标所采取的生态行为或规定的行为准则,是政策学与生态学交叉学科。生态政策是服务于生态建设与管理的一系列谋略、法令、措施、办法、方法和条例的总称,主要通过生态项目建设的形式来实施。生态政策可持续性评价不仅包括现状评价,更要研究政策变化的最佳动态效果,判断政策调整的最佳时间与调整内容。及时科学的调整是政策执行效果可持续性的保证前提。生态政策组合主要体现3个基本思想:利用政府的行 政管理能力、利用市场机制和利用经济增长机遇造福环境。不管全球生态政策如何演变,其不懈努力的宗旨非常明确,理性利用资源,降低生态环境治理费用,加快生态环境达标速度。生态政策评价的主要方法包括生态健康评价、生态系统服务与评价、生态项目的经济分析(市场价值法、影子价格法、机会成本法和替代效益分析法等)、人文社会评价(项目对周围 群众生计的影响、执行与受益群体对项目的判断等)等方法。

关键词: 生态农业, 综合评价, 效益指数, 德清县

Abstract: Ecological policy is a subject of researching the guidelines of ecological actions performed in a definite period by the government, party, or other political organizations to serve the society, economy, culture, and environment. It is a branch of crossing with two branches of science, policy and ecology, and includes a series of strategies, laws, approaches, methods, and regulations performed with ecological conservation as the main project. The evaluation of ecological policy is the product of crossing with the two branches of science, with the contents of actuality evaluation, and the estimation of the effects of policy changing and adjusting. Regardless how the global ecological policy changed,the purpose of environment conservation should be the scientificutilization of resources, decrease of environment conservation cost, and increase of environment improvement speed. The key methods of ecological policy evaluation should include ecologic al health evaluation, ecological ecosystem services evaluation, economic analysis of ecological programs, and humanities and sociological evaluation.

Key words: Eco agriculture, Integrated evaluation, Benefit index, Deqing County