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马尾松林分结构对冠层水文效应的影响

袁秀锦1,2,肖文发1,2,雷静品3,王晓荣1,4,胡文杰4,崔鸿侠4,庞宏东4,潘磊4*   

  1. (1中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室, 北京 100091;2南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037; 3中国林业科学研究院林业研究所, 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室, 北京 100091;4湖北省林业科学研究院, 武汉 430075)
  • 出版日期:2020-02-10 发布日期:2020-02-10

Influence of stand structure of Pinus massoniana on canopy hydrological effect.

YUAN Xiu-jin1,2, XIAO Wen-fa1,2, LEI Jing-pin3, WANG Xiao-rong1,4, HU Wen-jie4, CUI Hong-xia4, PANG Hong-dong4, PAN Lei4*   

  1. (1State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; 3Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; 4Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan 430075, China).
  • Online:2020-02-10 Published:2020-02-10

摘要: 了解不同林分结构森林的水文效应及其主要影响因素,可为林分抚育经营管理提供科学依据。本研究在三峡库区九领头林场设置14块20 m×30 m马尾松林样地,观测其林冠截留量、树干茎流量和穿透雨量,调查马尾松林分结构因子,利用Pearson相关分析、主成分分析、冗余分析等方法分析林分结构(叶面积指数、混交度、大小比数、竞争指数等)对水文效应(冠层截留率、穿透雨率、树干茎流率)的影响。研究期间(6—10月)林外降雨总量1008.4 mm,林冠截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量分别占总降雨的16.3%、82.3%和1.4%。Pearson相关分析结果表明:叶面积指数、胸高断面积、冠幅面积与冠层截留率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与穿透雨率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),树干茎流率与树高、冠层厚度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与叶面积指数、林分密度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);冗余分析结果表明:水文效应的再分配特征能被结构变量组合解释59.6%,蒙特卡罗置换检验结果表明:冠层截留率和穿透雨率主要受蓄积量这类结构组合变量的影响,蓄积量越大,冠层截留率越高,穿透雨率越低,树干茎流率主要受林分竞争状况及水平结构(R2=0.46,P<0.05)和蓄积量(R2=0.51,P<0.05)的影响。林分结构与冠层水文效应密切相关,林分生长状况越好,蓄积量越大,马尾松林涵养水源效果越好。

关键词: 蜡状芽孢杆菌, 敌草胺, 菌株LGY06, 降解途径, 降解性能

Abstract: Understanding the hydrological effects of forest across different stand structures and the main influencing factors can provide scientific support for forest management. We set up 14 plots with each area of 20 m×30 m in Pinus massonianaforests in the Jiulingtou Forest Farm located in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China. We measured canopy interception, stemflow and throughfall, and assessed their stand characteristics. Pearson’s correlation analysis, principal component analysis and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the effects of stand structure (leaf areaindex, basal area, crown area, tree height, canopy density, stand density, mixing degree, size ratio, and competition index) on canopy interception rate, throughfall rate, stemflow rate. During the study period (June-October), the total amount of rainfall was 1008.4 mm, with interception, throughfall and stemflow accounting for 16.3%, 82.3% and 1.4% of the rainfall, respectively. Leaf area index, basal area and crown area were positively correlated with canopy interception rate (P<0.05), and negatively with throughfall rate (P<0.05). There were significant negative correlations between stemflow rate and tree height and canopy density (P<0.05), and a significant positive correlation between leaf area index and stand density (P<0.05). The results of the redundancy analysis showed that the combination of structural variables explained 59.6% of the redistribution of hydrological effect. Results of the Monte Carlo displacement test showed that canopy interception rate and throughfall rate were mainly affected by the combination of structural variables, such as forest stock volume. Higher the canopy interception rate and lower throughfall were correlated with larger forest stock volume. The stemflow rate was mainly affected by competition status and horizontal structure (R2=0.46, P<0.05) and forest stock volume (R2=0.51,P<0.05). The canopy hydrological effect was closely related to stand structure. Forest stock volume and water conservation effects were higher when the stand grew better.

Key words: degradation characteristics, napropamide, Bacillus cereus, degradation pathway., strain LGY06