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新疆野苹果群落表层土壤化学计量特征

玛孜依热阿·努尔海拉提1,2,陶冶1,3,周晓兵1,张元明1*   

  1. 1中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011;2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3安庆师范大学生命科学学院, 安徽安庆 246133)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10

Stoichiometry of topsoil in Malus sieversii community in Xinjiang, China.

MA Zi yi re a·NUERHAILATI1,2, TAO Ye1,3, ZHOU Xiao-bing1, ZHANG Yuan-ming1*   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, Anhui, China).
     
  • Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10

摘要: 新疆野苹果是第三纪孑遗物种,是宝贵的野生果树资源。近年来,新疆野苹果群落出现了严重的退化现象,而植物群落退化是否会导致土壤化学计量特征的改变尚不得而知。为探究新疆野苹果群落表层土壤养分的空间分布特征,阐明土壤生态化学计量学特征对海拔梯度等环境因子的响应规律,以伊犁河谷及塔城山地为研究区域,在县级尺度上(6个县)采集了新疆野苹果群落土壤样品,研究了表层土壤(0~10 cm)有机碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的化学计量特征及其影响因素。结果表明:伊犁地区野苹果群落表层土壤C、N、P、K含量分别为68.66、6.64、1.14、20.92 g·kg-1;AN、AP、AK含量分别为562.10、10.02、474.50 mg·kg-1,C∶N、C∶P、C∶K、N∶P、N∶K、P∶K、AN∶AP、AN∶AK和AP∶AK分别为10.22、59.83、3.32、5.80、0.32、0.05、62.00、1.31和0.02;除K、AP、AK含量和N∶P外,伊犁地区土壤化学计量值均高于塔城地区,但后者具有较低的变异系数。各县之间新疆野苹果群落土壤养分含量及化学计量比均有显著差异。C-N、C-P、N-P、AP-AK之间具有显著的线性和非线性相关关系,其余的元素含量之间相关性不显著,多数土壤养分含量与其化学计量比之间具有显著的线性相关关系。CCA分析表明,纬度、坡向、海拔及年降水量是新疆野苹果群落土壤化学计量特征的主要影响因子。

关键词: 植物篱, 生态效益, 径流, 土壤侵蚀, 面源污染

Abstract: Malus sieversiiis a Tertiary relict tree species and valuable resource of wild fruit tree. In recent years, M. sieversii community is undergoing serious degradation. Whether the degradation of plant community would lead to change in soil stoichiometry is still unclear. This study explored the spatial characteristics of nutrients in the topsoil in M. sieversii communities in response to variation of environmental factors such as elevation in Yili Valley and Tacheng regions. Within the two regions, a total of 60 soil samples (0-10 cm depth) in M. sieversii communities were taken from six counties. The contents of soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AP) were measured and their stoichiometric ratios being calculated. Environmental factors including slope, latitude, altitude and precipitation were investigated to study their relationships with soil stoichiometric characteristics. Our results showed that soil C, N, P, and K concentrations of M. sieversiicommunities in Yili were 68.66, 6.64, 1.14, 20.92 g·kg-1, respectively. The AN, AP, AK concentrations were 562.10, 10.02, 474.50 mg·kg-1, respectively. Soil C∶N, C∶P, C∶K, N∶P, N∶K, P∶K, AN∶AP, AN∶AK and AP∶AK were 10.22, 59.83, 3.32, 5.80, 0.32, 0.05, 62.00, 1.31 and 0.02, respectively. Except for the values of K, AP, AK and N∶P, stoichiometric values in Yili region were significantly higher than those in Tacheng region, while Tacheng region had a lower coefficient of variation. Soil nutrient contents and their stoichiometric ratios differed significantly among the six counties. Significant linear correlations were found between C and N content, and between C and P content, and significant nonlinear correlations were observed between N and P content, AP and AK content. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) results showed that slope, latitude, altitude and precipitation were the main factors driving the stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrients in M. sieversii communities.

Key words: hedgerow, ecological benefit, runoff, soil erosion, non-point source pollution.