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湿地植物水葱叶围真菌群落动态特征

展鹏飞,李晖,刘耘硕,闫鹏飞,肖德荣,张贇,王行*   

  1. (西南林业大学国家高原湿地研究中心/湿地学院, 昆明 650224)
  • 出版日期:2019-06-10 发布日期:2019-06-10

Dynamics of phyllospheric fungal community in a wetland plant, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani.

ZHAN Peng-fei, LI Hui, LIU Yun-shuo, YAN Peng-fei, XIAO De-rong, ZHANG Yun, WANG Hang*   

  1. (National Plateau Wetlands Research Center/Wetlands College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China).
  • Online:2019-06-10 Published:2019-06-10

摘要: 植物叶围存在大量真菌,它们伴随着植物从新生到死亡的整个过程,不同阶段下的植物生境调控着真菌群落结构、组成及多样性,受到人们的广泛关注。通过对滇西北地区典型湿地挺水植物水葱(Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani)在生长盛期阶段(A)、立枯阶段(B)、倒伏阶段(C)、沉水阶段(D)的植物叶片以及底泥(E)样品进行采集,使用超声水浴+剧烈震荡的方法收集叶围微生物,提取DNA,以Illumina HiSeq测序平台对ITS片段进行测序,获得叶围真菌物种组成及相对丰度信息。结果表明,随着植物的生长、衰落与死亡,叶围真菌群落的α和β多样性均显著升高,群落结构复杂性增加,不同样品之间的异质性增高,群落组成差异逐渐增大。在属水平上,处于生长盛期和立枯阶段的叶围优势真菌分别为链格孢菌属(Alternaria)和隐球菌属(Cryptococcus),随着植物倒伏并沉入水体,赤霉菌属(Gibberella)和瓶霉菌属(Phialophora)逐渐侵入叶围成为优势菌。生长盛期、立枯、倒伏、沉水阶段植物样品之间的共有OTU数目仅为22个,而沉水样品与底泥之间的共有OTU数目多达99个,表明伴随植物死亡过程,叶围真菌群落与底泥真菌群落逐渐趋于一致。本研究揭示了水葱生长至死亡分解过程中真菌群落的演替规律,为研究湿地植物叶围真菌群落结构变化的内在机制提供了理论支持。

关键词: 土地整治, 生态环境要素, 生态系统服务, 生态景观, “生态化”土地整治

Abstract: A number of fungi inhabit the phyllosphere, which accompany plants during their whole life history. The habitats of plants at different stages regulate the structure, composition and diversity of fungal community, which has been widely concerned. In northwestern Yunnan Province, we collected plant samples from a typical emergent wetland plant, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, during the growth stage (A), standingdead stage (B), lodging stage (C), and submergence stage (D), and sediment samples (E) as a control. We extracted DNA after ultrasonic water bathing combined with vigorous shake methods, and sequenced ITS fragments using Illumina HiSeq platform to obtain the composition and abundance information of the phyllospheric fungi community. With the growth, withering and death of S. tabernaemontani, the α and β diversity of phyllospheric fungal community significantly increased, and the complexity of community structure enhanced. The heterogeneity among different samples increased and the difference in community composition gradually enlarged during the whole process. At the genus level, Alternaria and Cryptococcus were the dominant ones during growth stage and standingdead stage, while Gibberella and Phialophora gradually invaded into the phyllosphere and became the dominant one accompanied with plants in their lodging and submergence stages. Only 22 common OTUs were found in the samples A, B, C, and D, while 99 OTUs were shared by submergence stage and sediment, indicating that the phyllospheric fungal community tended to be consistent with the soil fungal community along with the plant death process. Our results reveal the succession of fungal community during plant life history, providing theoretical supports for further study on the underlying mechanisms shaping phyllospheric fungal community structure in wetland plants.

Key words: ecological environment elements, land consolidation, ecological landscape, ecosystem services, ecological land consolidation.