苹果-大豆间作系统细根分布变异及地下竞争

生态学杂志

苹果-大豆间作系统细根分布变异及地下竞争

孙于卜¹,毕华兴^1,2,3,4,5,6*,段航旗¹,彭瑞东¹,王晶晶¹

（¹北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083；²水土保持国家林业局重点实验室，北京 100083；³北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心，北京 100083；⁴林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心，北京 100083；⁵山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，北京 100083；⁶北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心，北京 102206）

出版日期:2019-02-10 发布日期:2019-02-10

Variation of fine root distribution and belowground competition in apple-soybean intercropping system.

SUN Yu-bo¹, BI Hua-xing^1,2,3,4,5,6*, DUAN Hang-qi¹, PENG Rui-dong¹, WANG Jing-jing¹

(¹College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; ²Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; ³Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; ⁴Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; ⁵Jixian County Station, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network (CNERN), Beijing 100083, China; ⁶Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China).

Online:2019-02-10 Published:2019-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 果农间作系统中各组分细根的空间分布决定了其对土壤水分和养分的竞争能力，细根的空间变异反映了间作系统各组分对地下资源的适应性策略，而细根的生态位重叠程度反映了因生态位重叠而产生的竞争关系。以晋西黄土区典型的苹果大豆间作系统为对象，采用分层挖掘法对苹果树和大豆进行根系取样，定量研究间作系统各组分细根的空间分布变异及地下竞争。结果表明：水平方向苹果细根生物量集中分布在距苹果树行0.5～1.3 m区域，而大豆细根生物量随着距苹果树行距离的增大而逐渐增多；苹果细根生物量在20～40 cm土层分布最多，而大豆细根主要分布在0～20 cm的表土耕作层；与单作系统相比，间作抑制了苹果和大豆细根的生长，并促使间作苹果细根向深层土壤移动，间作大豆细根向上层土壤移动；距苹果树行0.5～2.1 m区域大豆的竞争能力强于苹果，且大豆对苹果的竞争作用在0～20 cm土层深度占绝对优势，而苹果对大豆的竞争作用在20～100 cm土层深度占据优势；随着距苹果树行距离的增加，苹果大豆间作系统的竞争强度逐渐减弱，距苹果树行0.5～1.3 m区域间作系统对地下资源的竞争较为强烈。本研究为苹果大豆间作系统种间关系调控及可持续经营提供了科学依据。

关键词: 浮游植物, 物种多样性, 细胞数量, 胶州湾

Abstract: The spatial distribution of fine roots from different species in a fruit treecrop intercropping system determines their competitive ability to soil moisture and nutrients. The spatial variation of fine roots reflects the adaptive strategy of the components of intercropping systems to belowground resources. The degree of niche overlap of fine roots reflects the competitive relationship due to the overlap of niches. A stratified excavation method was used to examine the spatial distribution variation and belowground competition of fine roots of applecrop intercropping systems in the western Shanxi Province of China. The results showed that the fine root biomass of apple trees was concentrated in the area of 0.5-1.3 m from the apple tree row, while that of soybean increased with increasing distance from the apple tree. The fine roots of apple trees were mostly distributed within the 20-40 cm soil depth, while that of soybean were distributed within the topsoil tillage layer of 0-20 cm. Compared with the monocropping systems, the intercropping system not only inhibited the growth of fine roots of both species, but also promoted the distribution of fine roots of apple trees to deep soil and the fine roots of soybean to the upper soil, respectively. The competitive ability of soybeans was stronger than that of apple trees in the area of 0.5-2.1 m from the apple tree row. The competition effect of soybeans on apple trees was dominant in the 0-20 cm soil depth, while the competition effect of apple trees on soybeans in the 20-100 cm soil depth. With increases of the distance from apple tree row, the competition intensity of applesoybean intercropping system gradually weakened, with the intense competition occurring in the area of 0.5-1.3 m from the apple tree row. Our results provide scientific basis for the regulation of interspecific relationships and sustainable management of the apple soybeanintercropping system.

Key words: Phytoplankton, Species diversity, Cell abundance, Jiaozhou Bay

孙于卜,毕华兴,段航旗,彭瑞东,王晶晶. 苹果-大豆间作系统细根分布变异及地下竞争[J]. 生态学杂志.

SUN Yu-bo, BI Hua-xing, DUAN Hang-qi, PENG Rui-dong, WANG Jing-jing. Variation of fine root distribution and belowground competition in apple-soybean intercropping system.[J]. cje.

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