膨润土腐殖酸型改良剂对沙质土壤氮素气态损失、氮肥利用率和玉米产量的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确膨润土腐殖酸型改良剂对西辽河平原灌区沙质土壤NH₃挥发和N₂O排放、玉米氮肥利用率和产量的影响，设置了不施氮肥且不施改良剂（CK）、只施改良剂（30 t·hm^-2，B₀）、只施纯氮（160 kg·hm^-2，N₀）、改良剂与纯氮配施（30 t·hm^-2，160 kg·hm^-2，NB）和改良剂与纯氮配施（60 t·hm^-2，160 kg·hm^-2，NB₂）5个处理。结果表明：西辽河平原沙质土壤氮素的气态损失主要以NH₃挥发为主，N₂O排放次之。土壤NH₃和N₂O排放在玉米生育时期的变化为：CK和B₀整个生育期内变化平稳；而施用氮肥的各处理的变化表现为先迅速升高，后降低，最后趋于平稳。较CK而言，处理B₀对土壤氮素的气态损失无影响，但显著提高了玉米籽粒产量（P≤0.05）。氮肥与改良剂配施降低了土壤氮素的气态损失，提高了氮素利用率，增加了玉米产量和蛋白质含量。处理NB₂对氮素气态损失的抑制效果最佳，但氮素利用率和玉米籽粒产量显著低于处理N₀；处理NB的氮素利用率、玉米籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量最大，分别较处理N₀提高了21.31%、8.66%和40.03%。因此，在沙质土壤上施用膨润土腐殖酸型改良剂可减少土壤氮素气态损失，提高玉米氮肥利用率、籽粒产量和品质。该研究为提高沙质土壤氮素利用及土壤改良提供了一条新途径。

关键词: 干撒量, 土壤养分, 侵蚀泥沙, 坡地苹果园, 聚丙烯酰胺(PAM), 地表径流

Abstract: We examined the effects of bentonitehumic acid on soil NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emission, nitrogen use efficiency and maize yield on sandy soil in West Liaohe River plain. There were five treatments: CK (no nitrogen and bentonite-humic acid application), B₀ (bentonitehumic acid only, 30 t·hm^-2), N₀ (nitrogen only, 160 t·hm^-2), NB₂bentonite humic acid, 30 t·hm^-2; nitrogen, 160 t·hm^-2), NB₂ (bentonite humic acid, 60 t·hm^-2; nitrogen, 160 t·hm^-2). Results showed that gaseous nitrogen loss mainly came from NH₃ volatilization, followed by N₂O emission. The dynamics of NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emission during maize growth varied among treatments: the CK and B₀ showed a steady change, but the nitrogen treatments had a rapid increase and dropped down quickly, then remained unchanged. Compared to CK, B₀ had no significant effect on soil gaseous nitrogen loss, but significantly increased maize grain yield (P≤0.05). Addition of bentonite humic acid and nitrogen deceased soil gaseous nitrogen loss, and enhanced nitrogen use efficiency and maize yield and protein content. The NB₂ treatment showed the best performance in reducing gaseous nitrogen loss, but its nitrogen use efficiency and maize yield were lower (P≤0.05) than N₀. NB treatment had the highest nitrogen use efficiency, maize yield and grain protein content, which increased by 21.31%, 8.66% and 40.03% respectively, compared to N₀. In conclusion, addition of bentonite-humic acid on sandy soil could reduce soil gaseous nitrogen loss, increase nitrogen use efficiency and yield of maize, and improve grain quality. Our results provide a new way for improving nitrogen use efficiency and amelioration of sandy soil.

Key words: sediment, sloped apple orchard., polyacrylanide (PAM), dry broadcasting rate, soil nutrients, surface runoff

郑毅,周磊,刘景辉. 膨润土腐殖酸型改良剂对沙质土壤氮素气态损失、氮肥利用率和玉米产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHENG Yi, ZHOU Lei, LIU Jing-hui. Effects of bentonite-humic acid on gaseous nitrogen loss, nitrogen use efficiency and maize yield on sandy soil.[J]. cje.

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膨润土腐殖酸型改良剂对沙质土壤氮素气态损失、氮肥利用率和玉米产量的影响

Effects of bentonite-humic acid on gaseous nitrogen loss, nitrogen use efficiency and maize yield on sandy soil.

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