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北京、天津和石家庄城市地表覆盖组分与结构特征对地表温度的影响

李孝永1,2,匡文慧1*   

  1. (1中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-10-10

The effects of urban land cover composition and structure on land surface temperature in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang.

LI Xiao-yong1,2, KUANG Wen-hui1*   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,  Beijing 100101, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-10-10

摘要: 城市地表覆盖组分与结构特征直接影响城市地表温度和热岛强度,已成为当前城市规划与城市生态学研究的热点之一。本文以北京、天津和石家庄为研究区域,基于Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS遥感影像提取城市地表覆盖,反演城市地表温度,利用城乡梯度分析、多尺度分析及景观格局指数等方法,分析了城市地表覆盖组分与结构特征对地表温度的影响。结果表明:北京、天津和石家庄不透水地表面积分别为1103.86、610.33和326.75 km2,但北京市不透水地表比例最低,为46.70%;城市内裸土的地表温度最高,其次为不透水地表和植被,水体最低;沿城乡梯度方向上,地表温度与不透水地表比例呈显著正相关,与植被比例呈显著负相关,植被覆盖比例每上升10%,地表温度下降0.4~0.6 ℃;随着空间分析尺度的增大,城市不透水地表和植被比例与地表温度的相关系数呈现先增大后稳定的变化趋势;城市不透水地表、植被的斑块大小、形状以及聚集度对地表温度具有显著影响,聚集度的影响最大。城市绿地在城市热岛调节中发挥着重要作用,建议在城市中合理规划城市不透水地表与植被绿地比例和空间布局,提升城市生态系统服务和人居环境质量。

关键词: 不同施肥模式, 设施菜田, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: Urban land cover composition and structure directly affect land surface temperature (LST) and urban heat island intensity, which has become a main focus of urban planning and urban ecology. Taking Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang as study areas, urban land cover and LST were extracted and retrieved from Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS remote sensing images, respectively. Various geospatial approaches, including urban-rural gradient analysis, multi-scale analysis and landscape pattern index, were used to analyze the impacts of urban land cover characteristics on LST. The results showed that the area of impervious surface area (ISA) in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang was 1103.86, 610.33, and 326.75 km2, respectively. LST of bare soil was the highest, followed by ISA and green vegetation (GV), and that of water body was the lowest. The ISA ratio (positively) and GV ratio (negatively) significantly correlated with LST along the urbanrural gradient. LST would decrease by 0.4-0.6 ℃ with an 10% increase of GV. With the increase of spatial analysis scale, the correlations between the proportion of urban ISA and GV and LST first rised and then stabilized. The patch size, shape and aggregation of urban ISA and GV all had significant effects on LST, with the aggregation having the strongest effect. Thus, urban GV plays an important role in urban heat mitigation. We suggest that reasonable layout and ratio of ISA and GV in urban planning should be implemented to improve urban ecosystem services and environmental quality of human settlement.

Key words: fertilization pattern, greenhouse vegetable, soil enzyme activities.