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贵州少数民族聚居地古树资源组成及分布特征——以务川县为例

田丽娟1,黄力1,周礼华1,陈廷跃2,钱深华1,杨永川1*   

  1. 1重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400045;2务川县林业局, 贵州务川 564300)
  • 出版日期:2018-09-10 发布日期:2018-09-10

The composition and distribution of heritage trees in Guizhou ethnic minority areas: A case study of Wuchuan County.

TIAN Li-juan1, HUANG Li1, ZHOU Li-hua1, CHEN Ting-yue2, QIAN Shen-hua1, YANG Yong-chuan1*   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region EcoEnvironment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; 2 Forestry Bureau of Wuchuan County, Wuchuan 564300, Guizhou, China).
  • Online:2018-09-10 Published:2018-09-10

摘要: 古树是其分布地传统文化的重要载体,也是生物多样性的重要组成部分,研究古树组成和分布特征对古树保护具有重要意义。本研究对我国西南地区贵州省少数民族自治县务川的古树物种组成和分布特征进行了调查。共记录古树5105棵,分属于65属38科79种,优势种为柏木(Cupressus funebris)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、枫香树(Liquidambar formosana)和楠木(Phoebe zhennan),含物种数较多的科有壳斗科、樟科、榆科和豆科;古树中包含10种国家级保护植物,如银杏、红豆杉(Taxus wallichianavar. chinensis)、蓝果树(Nyssa sinensis)、鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)等。古树胸径集中在50~100 cm,树高集中在18~26 m,冠幅集中在3~9 m,各优势种胸径级结构具有一定差异。古树主要分布在沟谷(50.49%)和坡面(41.84%)两种地形单元中,并集中分布在村落(59.33%)、住宅边(13.82%)和墓地旁(12.14%)3类生境类型中。各乡镇间古树数量和物种数具有较大差异。务川古树总体保护较好,90%以上的个体长势良好,受损个体较多的树种为柏木、银杏和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata),受损程度较为严重的为杉木。总体上,务川县古树资源丰富,保存良好,具有很高的保护价值。

关键词: 聚丙烯酰胺, 盐碱土, 叶绿素荧光参数, 土壤结构, 生物炭, 产量

Abstract: Heritage trees, important carriers of traditional culture, are important components of terrestrial biodiversity. Understanding species composition and distribution of heritage trees will provide valuable insights into heritage tree conservation. Here, we investigated the species composition and distribution of heritage trees in Wuchuan County, a minority autonomous county in Southwest China. A total of 5105 heritage trees were recorded, belonging to 79 species, 65 genera, and 38 families. The dominant families were Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Ulmaceae and Leguminosae. The dominant species were Cupressus funebris,Ginkgo biloba, Liquidambar formosana andPhoebe zhennan.Among those species, 10 were nationally protected species, including Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinense, Taxus wallichianavar. chinensis, Liriodendron chinense and Nyssa sinensis.The majority of the heritage trees were concentrated in the DBH sizeclass of 50-100 cm, and the height-class of 18-26 m, and the crown sizeclass of 3-9 m. Heritage trees were mainly distributed at two types of topographic positions, with 50.49% in the valleys and 41.84% on the slopes. For habitats, 59.33% of the individuals were distributed in the villages, 13.82% were in the residential sides, and 12.14% were in the cemeteries. Heritage trees were generally well protected (more than 90% of the individuals are healthy ones). The most frequentlyoccurring damaged tree species were Cupressus funebris, Ginkgo biloba, and Cunninghamia lanceolata. Among the three species, C. lanceolata suffered the most severe damages.Overall, heritage trees in Wuchuan County with high conservation values were abundant and were relatively wellprotected.

Key words: soil structure, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, rice yield, saline soil, polyacrylamide (PAM), biochar