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气候变暖对西北雨养农业及农业生态影响研究进展

姚玉璧1,2*,杨金虎2,肖国举3,雷俊2,牛海洋2,张秀云2   

  1. 1中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州 730020;2甘肃省定西市气象局, 甘肃定西 743000;3宁夏大学新技术研究应用开发中心, 银川 750021)
  • 出版日期:2018-07-10 发布日期:2018-07-10

Research advances in the impacts of climate warming on rainfed agriculture and agroecology in Northwest China.

YAO Yu-bi1,2*, YANG Jin-hu2, XIAO Guo-ju3, LEI Jun2, NIU Hai-yang2, ZHANG Xiu-yun2   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2Meteorological Bureau of Dingxi of Gansu Province, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China; 3 New Technology Research Application Development Center of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China).
  • Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-07-10

摘要: 以全球年平均地表气温升髙为主要特征的全球气候变暖给农业、农业生态和区域粮食安全带来严峻挑战。气候变暖对农业发展、农业生态的影响已成为社会各界关注的热点。气候变暖对作物生育期、形态特征、植物生理、产量形成和品质的影响及其机理的研究,是认识气候变暖对农业影响,制定应对气候变化策略的科学基础。本文在给出西北区域气候变化基本特征的基础上,综述了气候变暖对西北旱作区主要粮食作物、经济作物和特色林果生长发育、生理生态、产量和品质影响研究的进展,以及气候变暖对农田生态环境、农业气象灾害及病虫害影响的主要进展。提出了以往研究中存在的问题,展望了未来西北地区应对全球变暖的农业研究重点,即:充分利用模拟、试验、观测手段,揭示气候变化多因子对主要农作物的综合影响;探索气候变暖对主要作物生理生态的影响;开展农业气象灾害对气候变暖的响应特征研究,开展农业气象灾害风险评估与应对技术研究;进行精细化动态农业种植区划、农业结构布局及种植制度方面应对气候变暖的技术策略研究。

关键词: 糖化, FACE, 糖释放, 水稻

Abstract: Climaterelated challenges for agricultural ecosystems and regional food safety have become a major concern due to projected global warming characterized by the increase of annual global average land surface temperature. The impacts of climate warming on agricultural development and ecosystems have become a focused issue for society. Studies on the impact and mechanism of climate warming on crop growing periods, morphological characteristics, physiology, yield formation and quality are the scientific basis for identifying the impact of climate warming on agriculture and making policies against climate warming. Based on the basic characteristic of climate warming in Northwest China, we summarized the research advances in the impacts of climatic warming on the growth, physiology, ecology, yield and quality of main food crops, economic crops and special fruit trees, farmland ecological environment, agricultural meteorological disasters, plant diseases and insect pests, and discussed the deficiency in current researches. This review makes a further prospect for the key points in future research on the impact of climate warming on agriculture and agricultural ecology in Northwest China: (1) Sufficiently use simulating, testing, and observing measures to disclose the impacts of multi-factors of climate change on major crops; (2) Study the impacts of climate warming on the physiology and ecology of major crops; (3) Study the responses of agricultural meteorological disasters to climate warming and take risk evaluations on agricultural meteorological disasters and find out countermeasures; (4) Study technological strategy in the refined dynamic agricultural planting regional division, agricultural structural distribution and planting system to cope with the climate warming.

Key words: rice, FACE, saccharification, sugar release