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• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶尔羌河厚唇裂腹鱼的游泳能力

李志敏1,陈明曦2,金志军1,涂志英1,柯森繁1,张宁1,石小涛1*,刘德富1   

  1. (1三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心, 湖北宜昌 443002;2中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610072)
  • 出版日期:2018-06-10 发布日期:2018-06-10

Swimming ability of Schizothorax irregularis Ddy in Yarkand River.

LI Zhi-min1, CHEN Ming-xi2, JIN Zhi-jun1, TU Zhi-ying1, KE Sen-fan1, ZHANG Ning1, SHI Xiao-tao1*, LIU De-fu1   

  1. (1Engineering Research Center of Ecoenvironment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; 2Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610072, China).
  • Online:2018-06-10 Published:2018-06-10

摘要: 厚唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax irregularis Ddy)是新疆特有鱼类,由于水电建设导致该鱼种数量急剧下降,亟待保护。鱼类游泳能力的研究可为过鱼设施建设提供重要参考依据。采用递增流速法测定了厚唇裂腹鱼的感应流速、临界游泳速度及爆发游泳速度,利用固定流速法进行了厚唇裂腹鱼的耐力测试。结果表明:实验鱼感应流速为1.41±0.28 BL·s-1(24.50±4.13 cm·s-1,BL:体长);临界游泳速度为6.04±1.21 BL·s-1(117.61±12.34 cm·s-1);爆发游泳速度为11.41±2.79 BL·s-1(210.24±39.56 cm·s-1),3种速度(BL·s-1)均随体长增加呈下降趋势。耐力测试中,随着设定流速(80~135 cm·s-1)增加,游泳时间显著下降。疲劳时间与游泳速度之间呈显著负相关。根据研究结果,鱼道高流速区流速小于1.9 m·s-1时可保证80%实验鱼通过,建议厚唇裂腹鱼为过鱼对象的鱼道内最小流速应大于0.3 m·s-1,入口及竖缝流速为1.2~1.9 m·s-1,休息池主流流速范围为0.3~1.0 m·s-1

关键词: 大豆, 根际土壤, 油菜, 根肿病

Abstract: The population of Schizothorax irregularis Ddy, an endemic species in Xinjiang, has declined rapidly due to hydroelectricity construction. Investigation of their swimming capability will provide the basis required for fishery passage facilities design. The induction velocity, critical swimming speed and burst swimming speed were measured by increasing velocity tests. The swimming endurance of S. irregularis was measured by fixed velocity tests. Induction velocity (1.41±0.28 BL·s-1 or 24.50±4.13 cm·s-1, BL: body length), critical swimming speed (6.04±1.21 BL·s-1 or 117.61±12.34 cm·s-1) and burst swimming speed (11.41±2.79 BL·s-1 or 210.24±39.56 cm·s-1) declined with the increases of body length. Results from swimming endurance tests showed that  the swimming time or swimming endurance significantly decreased with the increases of flow rate (80-135 cm·s-1) and that swimming endurance was negatively related to swimming velocity. Eighty percent of fishes could pass the fishway when maximum velocity was less than 1.9 m·s-1. Therefore, we suggest that when the target fish of fishway is S. irregularis, the minimum velocity in fishway should exceed 0.3 m·s-1, the flow rate at entrance and vertical slot could range from 1.2 to 1.9 m·s-1, and the main flow rate in the rest pool ranges from 0.3 to 1 m·s-1.

Key words: rhizosphere soil., clubroot, oilseed rape, soybean