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应用树附生藓类监测晴隆二十四道拐地区重金属污染及来源

刘润1,2,张朝晖1,2*,申家琛1,2,王智慧2,3   

  1. (1贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001; 2贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地, 贵阳 550001;
    3贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001)
  • 出版日期:2018-06-10 发布日期:2018-06-10

Monitoring of heavy metal concentrations and source apportionment in ‘24-Curve’ Highway region using epiphytic mosses.

LIU Run1,2, ZHANG Zhao-hui1,2*, SHEN Jia-chen1,2, WANG Zhi-hui2,3   

  1. (1Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; 2State Key Laboratary Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Fnvironment of Graizhou Province, Guiyang 550001;  China; 3School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China).
  • Online:2018-06-10 Published:2018-06-10

摘要: 随着通车里程的不断增加,道路机动车辆排放已经成为主要的大气污染源之一。本文以典型的盘山公路二十四道拐及周边地区(山脚、半山腰、烈士陵园、观景台)为研究对象,采用树附生藓类为监测材料对常见的道路交通排放重金属Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Mn和Fe进行测定,使用元素富集系数和模糊聚类法对树附生苔藓中的重金属含量特征及可能的来源进行了分析。结果表明:研究区域内Zn和Pb的平均富集系数较高,分别为21.83、18.04,其来源主要为人为活动的释放;通过对不同地区的富集系数比较,发现二十四道拐的污染水平总体上高于周边地区,其中Zn和Cd分别是研究区域内富集系数最低点的5倍和7倍。模糊聚类和相关性分析结果表明,研究区域的重金属污染除了受到来自交通排放(Ni、Cd)、道路扬尘及车辆相关材料的磨损(Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Mn和Fe)之外,还受到了附近采矿活动(Pb、Zn、Fe、Mn)的影响。

Abstract: With the increases of traffic mileage, the exhaust emission of motor vehicles has become one of the major air pollution sources. In this study, we took the typical mountain road ‘24-Curve’ Highway and the surrounding sites (the foot of mountain, hillside, martyrs cemetery, viewing platform) as the research objects, to examine the common traffic emissions of heavy metals Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Mn and Fe using epiphytic mosses as monitoring materials. Elemental enrichment factor and fuzzy cluster analysis were used to analyze the contents of heavy metals and possible sources in epiphytic mosses. The results showed that the average enrichment coefficients of Zn and Pb in the study area were 21.83 and 18.04, respectively. Its source was mainly the release of human activities. The pollution level of ‘24-Curve’ Highway was generally much higher than that of the surrounding sites, in which the enrichment coefficients of Zn and Cd were five and seven times higher than the lowest point, respectively. The results of fuzzy clustering and correlation analysis showed that the heavy metal pollution in the study area not only came from traffic emissions (Ni, Cd), road dust and the abrasion of vehicle related materials (Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Mn and Fe), but also was affected by the nearby mining activities (Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn).