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白蚁唾腺及水分管理

王怡1,嵇保中1*,刘曙雯2,徐立军1,金明霞1,王亚召1   

  1. (1南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京林业大学林学院, 南京210037;2南京中山陵园管理局,南京210014)
  • 出版日期:2018-04-10 发布日期:2018-04-10

Salivary glands and water management in termites.

WANG Yi1, JI Bao-zhong1*, LIU Shu-wen2, XU Li-jun1, JIN Ming-xia1, WANG Ya-zhao1   

  1. (1Co-Innovation Center for SustainableForestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; 2The Administration Bureau of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, Nanjing 210014, China).
  • Online:2018-04-10 Published:2018-04-10

摘要: 白蚁唾腺及其水分管理是白蚁社会行为及生态功能的基础。白蚁唾腺包括上唇腺、上颚腺和下唇腺。上唇腺仅在少数白蚁中有报道,是否普遍存在尚存疑问。上颚腺为1对小型腺体,分别位于两侧上颚基部的头腔内,在不同种类白蚁中广泛存在。其分泌物可能与防卫、品级分化及保护上颚免于磨损有关。下唇腺在不同种类白蚁的各品级个体中广泛存在,是白蚁中功能最复杂的外分泌腺体;由腺泡群、下唇腺囊及相关的导管组成;其分泌物复杂多样,行使营养、防卫及水分管理等功能。本文介绍白蚁唾腺的解剖形态、超微结构、分泌物种类与功能、水分管理等方面的研究进展,提出了白蚁水分管理机制的可能途径。

关键词: 土壤微生物, 生长, 生物量, 水曲柳, 氮, 光合

Abstract: Salivary glands and water management are the basis of termite social behavior and their ecological function. Salivary glands of termites consist of labral glands, mandibular glands, and labial glands. Labral glands in few termite species have been reported, but the generality for their existence in termites is questionable. Mandibular glands, a pair of smallsized glands located at the base of each side of the head cavity, are widely presented in different termite species. The secretions of the mandibular glands may be related to defense, caste differentiation and protection of the mandibular from abrasion. Labial glands, which are widespread in each caste individuals of various termite species, have the most complex function among all the external secretion glands of termites. Labial glands consist of labial glandular acini, labial gland reservoirs, and relevant ducts. The secretions of labial glands are composed of multiple chemicals, which play important roles in nutrition, defense, and water management. We reviewed the progresses in the anatomy, ultrastructure, chemical compositions and functions of the secretions, and water management of termite salivary glands. A potential mechanism underlying water management in termites wasproposed in this review.

Key words: nitrogen, biomass, photosynthesis., Fraxinus mandschurica, soil microbe, growth