乌江流域上游水沙特性变化及其水电站建设的影响

生态学杂志

乌江流域上游水沙特性变化及其水电站建设的影响

吴晓玲¹,张欣¹,向小华^1*,陈喜^1,2,王船海^1,2,李晓东³

（¹河海大学水文水资源学院，南京 210098；²河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室，南京 210098；³天津大学表层地球系统科学研究院，天津 300072）

出版日期:2018-03-10 发布日期:2018-03-10

Runoff and sediment variations in the upstream of Wujiang River Basin and the influences of hydropower station construction.

WU Xiao-ling¹, ZHANG Xin¹, XIANG Xiao-hua^1*, CHEN Xi^1,2, WANG Chuan-hai^1,2, LI Xiao-dong³

(¹College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; ²State Key Laboratory ofHydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;³Institute of Surface EarthSystem Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China).

Online:2018-03-10 Published:2018-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鸭池河水文站上游流域是乌江流域最大的产沙区，其产沙和向下游的输沙情况对流域输沙有重要影响，1959年以来流域上的产水、产沙以及输沙特性都发生了较大变化。本文以降雨、径流以及输沙的长历史资料为基础，分析了鸭池河流域水沙变化特性，并对这些变化的成因进行归纳。结果表明：流域降雨没有发生显著变化，但径流具有显著下降趋势；流域输沙量总体与径流量保持大水高沙的一致性，但1994年后的鸭池河水文站和2004年后的洪家渡水文站输沙发生巨变，前者输沙量减少约98.8%，而后者输沙量几乎接近于零。分析表明，流域径流的变化主要是由人类活动改变产汇流关系引起，尤其是2002年的径流突变与洪家渡水电站的运用密切相关；流域产沙变化则主要由人类活动改变下垫面引起，而输沙则集中体现在水库大坝对泥沙输运的阻断。1994—2014年淤积在上游各级水库中的泥沙量约为261.4百万t，而2004—2014年淤积在洪家渡水库内的泥沙量约为33.8百万t。

关键词: 翅果油树, Maxent, 空间格局, 气候变化, 迁移趋势

Abstract: The upstream of Yachihe Hydrologic Station is the main sediment area in Wujiang River Basin. The sediment movement to the downstream has important influence on sediment status in the whole basin. The characteristics of rainfall, runoff, sediment yield, and sediment transport have greatly changed since 1959. Based on longterm hydrology data, we analyzed the characteristics of runoff and sediment variation in the Yachihe River Basin and summarized the causes of such changes. The results showed that there was no significant variation in rainfall, but runoff showed a significant downward trend. In general, the sediment quantity was positively correlated with runoff quantity. However, there were great changes in sediment quantity of Yachihe Hydrologic Station and HongjiaduHydrologic Station after 1994 and 2004, respectively. The sediment quantity of Yachihe Hydrologic Station was reduced by 98.8%, and that of Hongjiadu Hydrologic Station was close to zero. The variation of runoff was mainly caused by human activities. Especially, the sudden change of runoff in 2002 was closely related to the construction of HongjiaduHydropower Station. The change of sediment yield was mainly caused by the change of the underlying surface due to human activities, whereas sediment transport was mainly blocked by dams in the river. Sediment deposition amount in cascade reservoirs was about 261.4 million tons between 1994 and 2014, and that in Hongjiadu Reservoir was about 33.8 million tons between 2004 and 2014.

Key words: climate change, spatial pattern, Elaeagnus mollis, Maxent, migration tend

吴晓玲,张欣,向小华,陈喜,王船海,李晓东. 乌江流域上游水沙特性变化及其水电站建设的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

WU Xiao-ling, ZHANG Xin, XIANG Xiao-hua, CHEN Xi, WANG Chuan-hai, LI Xiao-dong. Runoff and sediment variations in the upstream of Wujiang River Basin and the influences of hydropower station construction.[J]. cje.

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