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北半球树线波动及其驱动因素研究进展

张雨1,2*,芦晓明1,2,王亚锋3   

  1. (1中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 中国科学院高山生态和生物多样性重点实验室, 北京 100085;2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3南京林业大学生物与环境学院, 南京 210037)
  • 出版日期:2018-11-10 发布日期:2018-11-10

Research progresses in treeline dynamics and driving forces in the Northern Hemisphere.

ZHANG Yu1,2*, LU Xiao-ming1,2, WANG Ya-feng3   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China).
  • Online:2018-11-10 Published:2018-11-10

摘要: 树线是监测森林生态系统对气候变化响应的理想区域。树线如何响应和适应气候变化是高寒区森林生态系统与气候关系研究的重点内容之一。本文综述了北半球树线位置和更新对气候变化响应的研究进展。自20世纪以来,北半球不同空间尺度上树线生态过程对气候变化的响应并不一致。变暖导致全球大部分地区的树线树木更新呈现增加趋势。同时,变暖引发的干旱也触发了部分地区树线树木的生长衰退甚至死亡。欧洲和北美洲树线位置上移的比例大致相同,均为56%,其余44%保持稳定。亚洲地区的树线位置上移的比例高达64%,而36%的树线位置保持相对稳定状态。本文讨论了造成树线波动空间差异的主要驱动因素。研究揭示,不同地区的树线波动受到不同气候因素和非气候因素的调控。这一认识对了解树线演化、预测树线在未来气候变化条件下的时空变化趋势具有一定意义。

关键词: 生态系统服务价值, 主导服务, 动态评价, 驱动力

Abstract: Treeline is an ideal ecotone to monitor the responses of forests to climate change. However, it is still unclear how treeline respond and adapt to climate change, which is one of key topics in evaluating relationships between climate and alpine forests. We reviewed current understanding of the responses of treeline position and regeneration to climate change. Since the 20th century, treelines showed diverse responses to climatic change in the Northern Hemisphere. However, tree regeneration at treelines showed an overall increasing trend. Simultaneously, tree morality occurred due to warminginduced drought in some regions. In Europe and North America, about 56% studied treelines showed upward shifts, while 44% were stable. In Asia, 64% studied treelines moved upward significantly, while 36% showed little change in treeline elevation or kept stable. We discussed the driving factors for the diverse responses of treeline shifts in the Northern Hemisphere. As indicated by recent studies, treeline shifts in different areas were driven by various climatic and non-climatic factors. Such an understanding is crucial to predict spatio-temporal dynamics of treelines in response to future climate change.

Key words: ecosystem service value, main ecosystem service, dynamic evaluation, driving force