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人为干扰对碧峰峡山矾次生林群落物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响

姚俊宇1,齐锦秋1,2,张柳桦1,王媚臻1,李婷婷1,张潇月1,郝建锋1,3*   

  1. (1四川农业大学林学院, 成都 611130;2四川省木材工业与家具工程重点实验室, 成都 611130;3四川省水土保持与荒漠化防治实验室, 成都 611130)
  • 出版日期:2018-10-10 发布日期:2018-10-10

Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on species diversity and soil physicochemical properties of Symplocos sumuntia secondary forest in Bifengxia.

YAO Jun-yu1, QI Jin-qiu1,2, ZHANG Liu-hua1, WANG Mei-zhen1, LI Ting-ting1, ZHANG Xiao-yue1, HAO Jian-feng1,3*   

  1. (1College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; 2Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory, Chengdu 611130, China; 3Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China).
  • Online:2018-10-10 Published:2018-10-10

摘要: 人为干扰是影响退化系统系统恢复的决定性因素。本研究以碧峰峡山矾3种不同强度干扰下(轻度、中度、重度)的次生林为对象,分析各干扰群落物种组成、植物多样性水平(丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数、Pielou均匀度指数)和土壤生态因子差异及其相关关系。结果表明:在调查区共记录到维管植物132种,隶属56科99属,不同强度干扰群落物种数及物种组成存在差异,随干扰强度增加,乔木和草本层物种数减少,灌木层物种数先增加后减少;各干扰群落乔木层多样性水平差异极显著(P<0.01),随干扰强度增加乔木层多样性水平持续下降;灌木和草本层多样性水平均无显著差异,且多样性水平均为中度干扰下最高,表明乔木层受干扰影响大,中度人为干扰能增加林下群落物种多样性,但不利于乔木多样性水平的提升;方差分析显示,土壤含水量、有机质和速效钾含量受人为干扰影响显著(P<0.05),除土壤全磷、pH、容重外,其余土壤理化指标(全氮、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、有机质和含水量)均为中度干扰下最大,说明中度干扰在一定程度上能改善土壤理化性质;土壤环境因子与植物多样性存在一定的相关性,土壤速效钾、有机质、有效磷与群落多样性关系最显著;中度人为干扰能增加林下群落物种多样性水平,改善土壤理化性质,对山矾次生林群落构建与森林群落生态恢复而言属于增益性干扰。

关键词: 宿主植物, 营养交换, 共生, 菌根真菌

Abstract: Anthropogenic disturbance is an important driving factor in restoring the degraded systems. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetationsoil systems in Symplocos sumuntia secondary forests under three disturbance intensities (slight, moderate, and intensive) in Bifengxia. Plant species composition and diversity (richness index, Simpson index, Shannon index, and Pielou evenness index) in disturbed communities were measured, and the variation of soil properties and their correlation with diversity were evaluated. The results showed that a total of 132 vascular plant species were recorded, belonging to 99 genera and 56 families. Species density and composition showed significant difference among the three communities. With the increases of disturbance intensity, species number in the tree and herb layers decreased, while that of the shrub layer first increased and then decreased. The species diversity of tree layer significantly varied across different intensities of disturbance (P<0.01), decreasing with the increase of the disturbance intensity. No significant difference in species diversity of shrub and herb layers were observed, and their diversity levels were the highest under the moderate disturbance intensity, indicating that disturbance affected mostly the species diversity of the tree layer. The moderate intensity of disturbance enhanced the species diversity in the understory, but was not beneficial to tree species diversity. Disturbance had significant effects on soil moisture, organic matter, and available K contents (P<0.05). Except for soil total P, pH, and bulk density, other soil physicochemical properties (total N, total K, available P, available K, organic matter and soil moisture contents) were the highest in the moderate disturbance, indicating that the moderate intensity of disturbance could improve soil physicochemical properties. Furthermore, there were correlations between soil environmental factors and plant diversity, with the correlations between soil available K, organic matter, available P, and species diversity of community being significant. Our results indicated that the moderate intensity of disturbance could increase species diversity in the understory and improve the soil physicochemical property. Thus, moderate intensity of disturbance was beneficial to the community assembly and ecological restoration of S. sumuntia secondary forest.

Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, host plant, symbiosis, nutrient exchange