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云南大山包黑颈鹤自然保护区鸟类多样性及其与生境结构的关系

杨永霞1,白皓天1,傅伟1,彭明春1,赵子蛟2,吴太平2,冉秋月1,吴兆录1*   

  1. (1云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所, 昆明 650500;2云南昭通大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区管理局, 云南昭通 65700)
  • 出版日期:2018-01-10 发布日期:2018-01-10

Bird diversity and its correlation with the habitat structure in Dashanbao Black-necked Cranes Nature Reserve.

YANG Yong-xia1, BAI Hao-tian1, FU Wei1, PENG Ming-chun1, ZHAO Zi-jiao2, WU Tai-ping2, RAN Qiu-yue1, WU Zhao-lu1*   

  1. (1Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; 2Administrative Bureau of Dashanbao Blacknecked Cranes  National Nature Reserve, Zhaotong 65700, Yunnan, China).
  • Online:2018-01-10 Published:2018-01-10

摘要: 2015—2016年4个季节,采用样线法和样点法结合调查鸟类并基于遥感信息分析生境结构,研究了大山包自然保护区9个1 km2样点鸟类多样性及其与生境的关系。结果表明:大山包共有鸟类16目41科127种,包含国家重点保护鸟类14种;雀形目、雁形目、鸻形目鸟类为主,共27科80种,数量最多的是斑头雁(Anser indicus)、小云雀(Alauda gulgula)、黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis),共占总数量的50.09%;种类以留鸟(占49.61%)和鸣禽(51.97%)为主,数量以冬候鸟(58.13%)和水鸟(60.28%)为主;40.94%的种类和60.28%的数量均偏好水域湿地生境类型;Pearson相关系数表明,水域面积占比与冬季和春季鸟类数量显著相关(P<0.05),森林灌丛面积占比与夏季和秋季鸟类种类显著相关(P<0.05);大山包是重要的鸟类栖息地和越冬地,其生境结构对鸟类种类和数量有巨大影响;营建水域、森林-灌丛、沼泽湿地等多种生境类型及其空间组合,是保护大山包鸟类多样性的重要途径。

关键词: 共沉淀, 吸附, 有机铁氧化物复合体, X射线吸收光谱, 表面络合

Abstract: Nine sampling sites with an area of 1 km2 each were selected to study bird diversity and its relation with habitat structure by using line transect and point count surveys method and remote image-based habitat structure analysis for four seasons from 2015 to 2016. It was found that there were a total of 127 species of birds in Dashanbao Nature Reserve, which belong to 41 families and 16 orders, including 14 of key state protected species. Of the 127 species, the 3 main orders, Passeriformes,  Anseriformes, and Charadriiformes, take up a total of 27 families and 80 species. The number of 3 species,Anser indicus, Alauda gulgula andGrus nigricollis was the greatest, accounting for 50.09% of the total. The resident birds and songbirds were dominant species, accounting for 49.61% and 51.97% of the total species, respectively. In terms of number, winter resident birds and water birds were dominant, accounting for 58.13% and 60.28% of the total, respectively. Moreover, birds preferring waters and wetlands accounted for 40.94% of the total species and 60.28% of the total number, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship (P<0.05) between the percentage of water area and number of birds in winter and spring, and between the percentage of forest shrub area and species of birds in summer and autumn. Dashanbao Nature Reserve is an important bird habitat and wintering site, and its habitat structure has a great effect on bird species and number. Constructing a habitat mosaic of waters, forests, shrubs, and wetlands is an important way to protect bird diversity of the reserve.

Key words: organo-Fe oxides, coprecipitation, X-ray absorption spectroscopy., adsorption, surface complexation