极度濒危物种崖柏的地理分布及其生境特征

极度濒危物种崖柏的地理分布及其生境特征

(¹中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所，国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室，北京 100091； ^2中国林业科学
研究院华北林业实验中心，北京 102300； ^3国家林业局西北林业调查规划设计院，西安 710048； ⁴重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区管理局，重庆城口 405900； ^5重庆市开州区林业局，重庆开州 404500)

出版日期:2017-07-10 发布日期:2017-07-10

Geographical distribution and habitat characteristics of critically endangered species, Thuja sutchuenensis.

MA Fan-qiang¹, QIN Ai-li¹, GUO Quan-shui^1*, JIAN Zun-ji¹, PEI Shun-xiang², WANG Xiang-fu³, ZHANG Shi-qiang⁴, XING Ji-chou^5#br#

(¹ Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China; ^2 Experimental Centre of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, China; ^3Northwest Institute of Forest Inventory, Planning and Design, State Forestry Administration, Xi’an 710048, China; ^4 Chongqing Daba Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Chengkou 405900, Chongqing, China; ⁵ Forest Bureau of Kaizhou District, Kaizhou 404500, Chongqing, China).

Online:2017-07-10 Published:2017-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用全面调查、抽样调查和室内测定相结合的方法，对崖柏分布区（点）的地理坐标、海拔、气候、土壤和植被等进行调查和分析，揭示崖柏的地理分布和生境特征，并探讨二者间的相互关系，为崖柏的有效保护提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）崖柏分布区位于中国大巴山南端和东南端的重庆市城口县和开州区以及四川省宣汉县石灰岩山地；水平分布范围为31°25′ N—31°44′ N，108°23′ E—108°54′ E；垂直分布的下限海拔为700 m，上限海拔为2200 m。(2) 崖柏分布区的气候温暖湿润，年均温9.98 ℃，最高29.1 ℃，最低-7.2 ℃，年均降水量1315.2 mm，垂直分布上限有3个月的积雪期；土壤类型为山地黄棕壤和山地棕色森林土，土壤呈中性或弱碱性反应，土壤密度和孔隙度总体表现为良好。（3）崖柏分布区的地带性植被为含有常绿阔叶层片的落叶阔叶林。崖柏主要分布在低山偏暖性山地落叶阔叶混交林带和中山偏湿性针叶林带内，主要伴生树种有大叶青冈（Cyclobalanopsis jenseniana）、川陕鹅耳栎（Carpinus fargesiana）、华千金榆（Carpinus cordata var. chinensis）、小叶青冈（Cyclobalanpsis gracillis）和高山栎（Quercus semecapifolia）等；崖柏种群年龄结构不完整，基径≤4 cm的幼苗和幼树仅25～800株·hm^-2，种群衰退特征明显。(4)秦岭和大巴山等巨大山脉的地理隔离对崖柏的保存起到了重要作用；崖柏耐干旱瘠薄，是其能在石灰岩地区悬崖和陡坡生存的重要原因；种群分布星散和植株数量少与其天然更新能力差和人为活动的过度干扰密切相关。

关键词: 红松林, 敏感性指数, 凋落物质量, 土壤湿度, 凋落物分解

Abstract: Through overall survey, sampling survey and laboratory analysis, the geographical coordinates, elevation, climate, soil and vegetation of the distribution area of Thuja sutchuenensis were analyzed to reveal its habitat characteristics and their relationships. The objective was to provide basic data and theoretical basis for the effective protection of T. sutchuenensis. The results showed that: (1) The main distribution zone of T. sutchuenensis located in Southern and Southeast of China’s Daba Mountain, including Chengkou County and Kaizhou District of Chongqing City, Xuanhan County of Sichuan Province. The geographical distribution range of T. sutchuenensis was 31°25′ N—31°44′ N and 108°23′ E—108°54′ E, and its vertical distribution range was from the elevation of 700 to 2200 m. (2) The distribution area was warm and humid with the annual mean temperature of 9.98 ℃. The highest temperature and the lowest temperature were 29.1 and -7.2 ℃, respectively. Annual precipitation was 1315.2 mm, and the snow cover of the highest distribution altitude had a period of 3 months. The soil types were mountainyellowbrown soil and mountainbrown forests soil, the soil was neutral or alkalescent, and soil density and porosity were generally suitable for plant growth. (3) The zonal vegetation in the distribution zone was deciduous broad-leaved forest with evergreen broad-leaved synusia. T. sutchuenensis was mainly distributed in the warm, low mountain, deciduous and broad-leaved mixed forest area and humid, middle mountain, coniferous forest area. The main companion trees were Cyclobalanopsis jenseniana, Carpinus fargesiana, Cyclobalanpsis gracillis, Carpinus cordata var. chinensis and Quercus semecapifolia. The age structure of T. sutchuenensis population was not integrated. Seedlings and young trees with basal diameter less than 4 cm were only 25-800 plants per hectare, indicating an obvious population decline. (4) The geographical isolation of Qinling Mountain and Daba Mountain played an important role for its preservation. The strong tolerance toward drought and barrenness was an important reason for its survival and growth on the cliff edge and steep slope of the limestone area. Decentralized distribution and small population of T. sutchuenensis were closely related to its poor natural regeneration capacity and excessive disturbance of human activities.

Key words: soil moisture, litter quality, litter decomposition, sensitivity index, Korean pine forest

马凡强1,秦爱丽1,郭泉水1*,简尊吉1,裴顺祥2,王祥福3,张世强4,邢继畴5. 极度濒危物种崖柏的地理分布及其生境特征[J]. 生态学杂志.

MA Fan-qiang1, QIN Ai-li1, GUO Quan-shui1*, JIAN Zun-ji1, PEI Shun-xiang2, WANG Xiang-fu3, ZHANG Shi-qiang4, XING Ji-chou5. Geographical distribution and habitat characteristics of critically endangered species, Thuja sutchuenensis.[J]. cje.

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