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基于RS和GIS的塔里木盆地荒漠化动态监测

王非1,3,毋兆鹏1,汪洋2,焦伟3,陈亚宁3*#br#   

  1. 1新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院, 乌鲁木齐 830054; 2新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052; 3中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011)
  • 出版日期:2017-04-10 发布日期:2017-04-10

Dynamic monitoring of desertification in the Tarim Basin based on RS and GIS techniques.

WANG Fei1,3, WU Zhao-peng1, WANG Yang2, JIAO Wei3, CHEN Ya-ning3*#br#   

  1. (1College of Geography and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;  2College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;  3State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China).
  • Online:2017-04-10 Published:2017-04-10

摘要: 基于RS和GIS技术,利用MODIS-NDVI遥感数据,计算植被覆盖度作为评价指标,对塔里木盆地2000—2014年的荒漠化空间格局进行了分析,并从气候变化和人类活动的影响探讨了荒漠化的原因。结果表明:(1)塔里木盆地重度荒漠化占比最大(64.63%),中度荒漠化(17.70%)、轻度荒漠化(9.95%)、非荒漠化较少(4.18%),其中重度荒漠化15年间向东北方向迁移21.08 km;(2)不同程度荒漠化土地面积变化不一,重度荒漠化面积近十余年平均变化速率约为-0.0076 km2·a-1,略有减少,而中度荒漠化面积增加迅速,以0.0169 km2·a-1速率增加,轻度荒漠化面积有小幅上升趋势,非荒漠化面积则有显著上升,分别以0.0093和0.0289 km2·a-1的速率增加;(3)塔里木盆地荒漠化是由气候和土地利用变化共同作用的结果。年降水量与年均植被覆盖度关系密切,相关系数为0.45;人类活动导致耕地面积不断扩张,近15年耕地面积增加了13.18×103 km2,强烈挤占了生态用水,加速了绿洲外围荒漠化过程的发展。

关键词: 碳源, 溶磷能力, 氮源, 白网链霉菌, 遗传稳定性

Abstract: The Tarim Basin is one of the regions with the most serious land desertification in China. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations of land desertification in the Tarim Basin during 2000-2014 were monitored and analyzed using RS and GIS technologies based on the vegetation coverage from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of MODIS. Besides, the impacts of climate change and human activities on the desertification for the Tarim Basin were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The Tarim Basin was characterized by the largest proportion of severe desertification (64.63%), followed by moderate desertification (17.70%), and slight desertification (9.95%), and nondesertification was the least (4.18%). The gravity center of the severe desertification migrated to the northeast part in the past 15 years, with a migration distance of 21.08 km. (2) During the past 15 years, the severe desertification area decreased at a rate of 0.0076 km2·a-1. However, the moderate desertification area increased rapidly, with an average annual rate of 0.0169 km2·a-1, the slight desertification area had a slightly increasing trend with a rate of 0.0093 km2·a-1, and the proportion of nondesertification increased significantly with a rate of 0.0289 km2·a-1. (3) The changes of desertification were the results of the interaction of climate change and landuse change. Annual precipitation was closely related to annual average vegetation coverage with a correlation coefficient of 0.45. At the same time, the expansion of cultivated land area, which had increased by 13.18×103 km2 during the last 15 years, accelerated the desertification processes of the peripheral oasis area.

Key words: genetic stability, phosphate solubilization capacity, nitrogen source, carbon source, Streptomyces albireticuli