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我国自然源汞排放研究进展

谭清友1,付学吾2*,何天容1#br#   

  1. 1贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害防治重点实验室, 贵阳 550025; 2中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550081)
  • 出版日期:2017-03-10 发布日期:2017-03-10

Mercury emission from natural sources in China: A critical review.

TAN Qing-you1, FU Xue-wu2*, HE Tian-rong1#br#   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China).
  • Online:2017-03-10 Published:2017-03-10

摘要: 由于特殊的物理化学性质,汞是唯一主要以气态单质形式存在于大气的重金属污染物,可通过大气环流进行全球性的传输。大气汞主要来自于人为活动和自然过程的汞排放。建立和优化全球和区域大气汞排放清单对研究全球大气汞的迁移转化规律及其环境健康效应具有重要意义。由于影响因素较为复杂,目前国内外自然源清单研究与人为源清单研究相比较为滞后。我国约十分之一的国土面积位于环太平洋汞矿化带上,且我国主要自然源汞排放通量与欧洲和北美同类型地区相比偏高。近些年来,国内研究人员在自然源汞排放研究领域开展了大量的研究工作,为建议和优化我国的自然源汞排放清单提供了重要的科学依据。本文总结了近年来我国自然源汞排放的研究进展,分析水体、土壤和植被等自然源汞排放通量分布规律、内在机理和影响因素;同时对我国自然源汞排放存在的不足及未来需要开展的工作进行了展望。

关键词: 年龄组配, 生命表, 生物学特性, 菊方翅网蝽

Abstract: Due to its specific physicochemical nature, mercury (Hg) is a unique heavy metal pollutant that occurs mainly in gaseous elemental form (GEM) in the atmosphere and could be transported globally. Atmospheric Hg could be derived from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The establishment and improvement of global and regional Hg emission inventories play an important role in the studies of global cycling and environmental health perspective of Hg. Due to influence of complicated environmental factors, natural emissions of Hg in China and other regions worldwide are far from well studied compared to anthropogenic Hg emissions. Approximately onetenth of mainland China is located in the circumPacific mercuriferous belts and Hg emission fluxes from various landscapes in China are larger than those of the same type areas of Europe and North America. Over the past two decades, numerous studies regarding Hg emission fluxes from natural sources have been made in China, which contributed significantly to the development of the emission inventory of natural sources in China. In this study, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the natural Hg emissions in China. This review examines the distribution patterns, influencing factors, and potential mechanisms underlying the Hg emission fluxes from natural sources in China. Additionally, we also highlight the limitations and research needs for natural Hg emissions in future studies.

Key words: biological parameter, stable age distribution., life table, Corythucha marmorata