Abstract: In this study, the production of livestock and poultry manure and the discharged amount of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Province during 2001 to 2014 were estimated by the pollutant excretion coefficient of livestock and poultry so as to analyze the environmental pollution status. We also assessed the environmental capability and pollution risk of livestock and poultry husbandry in the study area. The results indicated that the production amount of livestock and poultry manure was mainly from pig. The livestock and poultry manure productions and COD productions were in a growing trend during 2001 to 2014, reaching 3162 and 28 thousand tons in 2014, respectively. Amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock manure showed a slowly increasing trend during 2001 to 2014. The average values of cropland loading of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were 281.2 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 (TN) and 44.1 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 (TP) in 2014, which exceeded the EU’s standard limitation (170 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 for TN, and 35 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 for TP). The actual total amount of livestock and poultry in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Province was 50% more than the environmental capacity each year during 2001 to 2014. Especially, the number of livestock and poultry in Padang, Yiling, Xingshan and Zigui counties was far more than 50% of the environmental capacity in 2014, suggesting that livestock and poultry breeding in these counties should be strictly controlled.