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造纸废水灌溉下芦苇叶片重金属含量对叶绿素荧光参数的影响

王历瑶,苏芳莉*,李海福   

  1. (沈阳农业大学水利学院, 沈阳 110866)
  • 出版日期:2017-03-10 发布日期:2017-03-10

Effect of contents of heavy metal ions in leaves of Phragmites australis irrigated by papermaking wastewater on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.

WANG Li-yao, SU Fang-li*, LI Hai-fu   

  1. (College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China).
  • Online:2017-03-10 Published:2017-03-10

摘要: 以辽河口建群种芦苇(Phragmites australis)为供试材料,采用小试装置研究在化学需氧量(CODCr)浓度分别为50、175和300 mg·L-1的造纸废水灌溉条件下芦苇叶片中重金属Cr6+、Zn2+和Cu2+含量和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/FmFv/Fo)的变化特征,探讨芦苇荧光参数对废水灌溉的响应机制。结果表明,造纸废水灌溉对芦苇叶片中Cr6+、Cu2+、Zn2+含量影响显著(P<0.05),最大累计值分别是对照组相应重金属离子的2.80、3.66和3.86倍,且CODCr浓度越大重金属含量越高。3种重金属在不同生育期芦苇叶片中的积累存在差异,Cr6+和Zn2+主要在成熟期积累,Cu2+主要在快速生长期积累。CODCr为50和175 mg·L-1的造纸废水灌溉提高了芦苇叶片光系统Ⅱ反应中心转换效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在活性(Fv/Fo),而CODCr为300 mg·L-1的造纸废水灌溉下,相应叶绿素荧光参数分别降低了8.19%和24.94%,表明光系统Ⅱ功能受到抑制。叶绿素荧光参数对3种重金属表现出不同响应机制,Fv/FoFv/Fm值随Cr6+和Zn2+含量升高而减小,随Cu2+含量升高而增大,其中Fv/Fm与重金属Cr6+含量呈显著性负相关,Fv/Fo与Cu2+含量呈显著性正相关。

Abstract: Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a commonly used technique to study plant photosynthetic physiology and to detect plant physical condition based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential activity (Fv/Fo) of photosystem (PS) at PSⅡ reaction center. To study the response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Phragmites australis to irrigation using papermaking wastewater, the concentrations of heavy metal ions (Cr6+, Zn2+ and Cu2+) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of P. australis were observed. The P. australis plants were from Liaohe Estuary wetland, and irrigated with papermaking wastewater with concentration of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) set to 50, 175 or 300 mg·L-1. The results showed that irrigation using papermaking wastewater significantly affected the concentrations of heavy metal ions (Cr6+, Zn2+ and Cu2+) in leaves (P<0.05). The concentrations of heavy metal ions increased with the increase of CODCr concentration, and the greatest concentrations of Cr6+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ accumulated in leaves were respectively 2.80, 3.66 and 3.86 times as much as those in leaves with nonirrigation of papermaking wastewater. The accumulation of the three heavy metal ions in leaves varied in different growth periods. Cr6+ and Zn2+ mainly were accumulated in mature stage, and Cu2+ mainly accumulated in jointing stage. In addition, the concentration of CODCr in papermaking wastewater also influenced the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were improved under irrigation using the papermaking wastewater with concentrations of CODCr 50 and 175 mg·L-1. But when the concentration of CODCr was 300 mg·L-1, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were reduced by 8.19% and 24.94% respectively, which illustrates that the function of PSⅡ reaction center was restrained. In conclusion, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed different responses to the three heavy metal ions. The values of Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm decreased with the increase of Cr6+ and Zn2+ concentrations, and increased with the increase of Cu2+ concentration. The Fv/Fm was significantly negatively correlated with Cr6+ concentration, while Fv/Fo was significantly positively correlated with Cu2+ concentration.