Abstract: In present study, we investigated the fungi community characteristics and influencing factors in soil under overmature Populus euphratica (OP), effete P. euphratica (EP) and Tamarix ramosissima (TR) in Xinjiang Mulei Huyang forest region using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), realtime quantitative PCR, and conventional separation and cultivation methods. The results showed that the most obvious difference in soil fungi community structure was observed between OP and TR stands, followed by that between OP and EP stands. The highest Shannon index, Simpson index and evenness index of soil fungi were detected in EP, OP and TR stands, respectively. The abundance of fungi ranged from 6.07×10⁵ to 1.87×10⁶ copies·g^-1 dry soil in the three forest soils, and the amount of fungi in OP stands was significantly higher than those in TR and EP stands. Soil pH was positively correlated with Shannon index and evenness index but negatively with Simpson index and fungi abundance. Soil pH significantly influenced fungi community structure, and pH and C/N ratio were the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of fungi community under EP stands, while total N affected the distribution of fungi community under TR stands. These results showed that there were obvious differences in the community structure, diversity indices and abundance of soil fungi among OP, EP and TR stands, and soil pH was the key factor influencing fungi community characteristics.