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光周期对红色型豌豆蚜性蚜分化的诱导

张廷伟,陈万斌,刘长仲*,孙倩   

  1. (甘肃农业大学植物保护学院, 甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室, 兰州 730070)
  • 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-10-10

Photoperiodic induction of sexual morph differentiation of Acyrthosiphon pisum (red morph).

ZHANG Ting-wei, CHEN Wan-bin, LIU Chang-zhong*, SUN Qian   

  1. (Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China).
  • Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-10-10

摘要: 为了探索红色型豌豆蚜种群繁殖策略以及性蚜分化规律, 在8L∶16D、10L∶14D、12L∶12D 和14L∶10D 4个光周期条件下, 研究了红色型豌豆蚜经光周期连续诱导2代后(G1和G2), 后代G3中的性蚜分化情况。结果表明: 兰州地区红色型豌豆蚜性雌蚜均为无翅型, 而雄蚜均为有翅型;光周期对豌豆蚜性蚜分化有显著影响(P<0.05);在14L∶10D光周期条件下, 豌豆蚜后代中无性蚜分化; 在12L∶12D、10L∶14D和8L∶16D 3个光周期条件下均有性蚜分化, 而且随着光照时间的变短, 豌豆蚜G3中雄蚜所占百分比逐渐减小, 但性雌蚜所占百分比基本不变;在12L∶12D光周期条件下, 雄蚜和性蚜比例均最高(分别为15.03%、91.43%), 而胎生蚜比例最低(8.57%); 在10L∶14D光周期条件下, G3中胎生蚜比例最高, 而性蚜比例最低; 在8L∶16D光周期条件下, 性雌蚜比例最高(78.88%), 但同其他处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);在同一短光照条件下, G1产仔日龄对G3中性蚜分化具有显著影响(P<0.05), 同时性蚜分化具有一定的时间顺序, 即先产性雌蚜, 后产雄蚜, 由性雌蚜向雄蚜过渡过程中伴随产生胎生蚜。研究表明,红色型豌豆蚜性蚜产生的临界光照时长介于12~14 h, 相对较长的光照条件有利于雄蚜产生, 但随着光照时间缩短雄蚜分化时间逐渐延后、雄蚜分化天数逐渐缩短,说明光周期变化与豌豆蚜生殖模式转变和性蚜分化密切相关, 亲代经历光周期处理时间的长短影响后代中性蚜的分化。

关键词: 树木年轮, 纬度, 红松, 气候变化, 胸径

Abstract: The differentiation of sexual morphs of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (red morph) in the 3rd generation after 2 continuous generations under different photoperiods (8L∶16D, 10L∶14D, 12L∶12D and 14L∶10D) was observed in lab. The results showed that the ovipara of red pea aphid in Lanzhou were wingless, while males were winged. Photoperiod had a significant influence on the differentiation of sexual morphs of pea aphid (P<0.05). No sexual morph was produced under 14L∶10D photoperiod, but the sexual morphs were produced under the other photoperiods (8L∶16D, 10L∶14D and 12L∶12D). The percentage of male sexual morphs gradually diminished, while the percentage of ovipara remained unchanged in the 3rd generation with decreasing illumination time. The percentages of males and sexual morphs were the highest (15.03% and 91.43% respectively) under 12L∶12D photoperiod, but the percentage of vivipara was the lowest (8.57%). Under 10L∶14D photoperiod, the percentage of vivipara was the highest, but the percentage of sexual morphs was the lowest. Under 8L∶16D photoperiod, the percentage of ovipara was the highest (78.88%), but was not significantly different from those of the other treatments (P>0.05). The reproductive period of the 1st generation also had a significant influence on the differentiation of sexual morphs in the 3rd generation under the same short illumination conditions (P<0.05). Meanwhile, there was a certain time sequence to produce sexual morphs of pea aphid (first ovipara and last males) with some vivipara in the process of sexual morph transition. Hence, the critical photoperiod of red pea aphid was between 12 to 14 hours of illumination. Relatively longer illumination was advantageous to produce males, while the male differentiation time was delayed and the male differentiation days were shortened with decreasing illumination time. The results suggested that the photoperiodic change was a critical factor of reproductive plasticity and sexual morph differentiation of red pea aphid. The illumination length by which maternal pea aphid experienced influenced sexual differentiation of offspring.

Key words: Pinus koraiensis, diameter at breast height, tree-ring, latitude, climate change