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• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    

西瓜连作病害机理及生物防治研究进展

黄春艳1,卜元卿2,单正军2,戴传超1*
  

  1. (1南京师范大学生命科学学院, 江苏省微生物资源产业化工程技术研究中心, 江苏省微生物与功能基因组学重点实验室, 南京 210023; 2环境保护部南京环境科学研究所国家环境保护农药环境评价与污染控制重点实验室, 南京 210008)
  • 出版日期:2016-06-10 发布日期:2016-06-10

Research advances in mechanisms of watermelon continuous cropping diseases and its biological control.

HUANG Chun-yan1, BU Yuan-qing2, SHAN Zheng-jun2, DAI Chuan-chao1*#br#   

  1. (1 College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Nanjing 210023, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210008, China).
  • Online:2016-06-10 Published:2016-06-10

摘要: 西瓜枯萎病是西瓜栽培中常见的土传病害,由尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum)侵染所致,会导致西瓜品质和产量降低,造成西瓜连作障碍,已成为西瓜生产的主要限制因素。目前关于西瓜枯萎病的综合防治已有较多报道。然而,对于西瓜枯萎的致病机理缺乏深入系统的总结。本文从尖孢镰刀菌在西瓜体内的侵染和定殖,尖孢镰刀菌分泌毒素对西瓜生长的影响以及西瓜连作对土壤生态的影响等方面,综述了尖孢镰刀菌导致西瓜连作障碍的可能机理,同时总结了国内外关于枯萎病生物防治的研究进展,为深入了解西瓜枯萎病及其防治提供了科学依据。

关键词: 土地利用/覆被变化, 景观服务评估, 景观服务制图, 景观服务模拟, 尺度

Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, a causal agent of fusarium wilt of watermelon, is a common soilborne pathogen that can decrease the watermelon yield and quality. It denotes one of the major factors limiting current watermelon production. In recent years, many researches have been done on it, including the symptom, occurring conditions, disease cycle and major prevention measures. In actual production, the most commonlyutilized control method is grafting. However, it is difficult to widely apply and popularize the grafted watermelon cultivation method in China. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of watermelon wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum remains unclear. At present, both the ecological and economic problems caused by continuous cropping obstacles of watermelon, such as the weakened regenerative capacity, soil microflora imbalances, soil fertility decline and increased rates of plant diseases, are attracting more attentions from scholars. In this review, the infection and colonization of F. oxysporum, the effects of F. oxysporium toxin on watermelon growth as well as the effects of continuous cropping of watermelon on soil ecosystems are explored. Furthermore, we summarize the underlying mechanism of watermelon continuous cropping obstacles caused by F. oxysporum. Meanwhile, the biological control methods of watermelon fusarium wilt are expounded.

Key words: land use/cover change (LUCC), landscape service evaluation, landscape service mapping, landscape service modeling, scale.