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川西风毛菊(Saussurea dzeurensis)花展示的变异:检验花及花序水平大小数量的权衡

路宁娜1,曹素珍2,王一峰1*   

  1. (1西北师范大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730000; 2甘肃民族师范学院化学与生命科学系, 甘肃合作 747000)
  • 出版日期:2016-04-10 发布日期:2016-04-10

Floral display of Saussurea dzeurensis: A test of the tradeoff of size and number at flower and capitulum levels.

LU Ning-na1, CAO Su-zhen2, WANG Yi-feng1*   

  1. (1College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2Chemistry and Life Science Department, Gansu Normal University for Nationalities, Hezuo 747000, Gansu, China)
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  • Online:2016-04-10 Published:2016-04-10

摘要:

植物花展示对传粉昆虫吸引和植物繁殖成功至关重要。理论研究指出,花展示的组成部分(如花的大小和数量)之间由于资源的限制而存在权衡关系,从而制约花展示的进化,但相关实验研究并不经常能检测到花的大小数量之间的权衡关系。本文以广泛分布于青藏高原的川西风毛菊(Saussurea dzeurensis)为对象,研究不同海拔种群间花展示(花序水平和花水平)的变异,检验花大小数量的权衡关系。结果表明:每株的头状花序数、单个头状花序重、单花的数量/头状花序与地上生物量呈显著的正相关,说明花展示大小(包括花序水平和花水平)依赖于个体的资源状况;高海拔种群个体更小,平均花序数更少,但单个头状花序的重量、单花的数量及重量/头状花序与低海拔种群相比没有显著差异;在花序水平上头状花序的大小和数量间并没有权衡关系,但在花序内的花水平上,高海拔种群花的大小和数量呈显著负相关,表现出权衡关系,而在低海拔种群并没有权衡关系;当控制川西风毛菊个体大小的影响后,花序水平大小数量及花大小数量间的相关均没有发生改变,说明资源获取能力的差异,即个体大小的差别并没有影响川西风毛菊花序水平或花水平大小数量间的权衡关系;植物花大小数量的权衡关系可能较为复杂,今后的研究需要同时考虑多个组织水平,如种群、个体、花序水平的花大小与数量的关系,有助于全面揭示植物花的资源分配的模式及花展示大小的进化机制。
 

关键词: 火烧迹地, 土壤有机碳, 土壤可溶性有机碳, 土壤微生物生物量碳

Abstract:

Floral display plays a vital role in attracting pollinators and reproductive success of plants. Theoretical studies show that there is a tradeoff between the size and number of flowers due to resource limitation, which constrains the evolution of floral display. But empirical studies did not frequently detect the tradeoff of flower size and number. This study aims to examine the amongpopulation variation in floral display of Saussurea dzeurensis, which distributes widely in QinghaiTibetan Plateau, and especially to examine the tradeoff of flower size and number at the capitulum and flower levels. The results showed that significantly positive correlations existed between capitulum number per plant, mean capitulum biomass flower number per capitulum and aboveground biomass, indicating that floral display size including the flower and capitulum levels depends on resource condition of individuals. Individuals from the highaltitude population were smaller and produced less capitula, but single capitulum mass, flower number and mass per capitulum did not vary significantly compared to the lowaltitude population. Although there was no tradeoff between capitulum size and number, a negative correlation between flower size and number of the highaltitude population shows a tradeoff between them. However, the tradeoff between flower size and number was not observed in the lowaltitude population. After controlling the effect of plant size, the relationships between size and number at the both capitulum and flower levels did not change, suggesting that the difference of resource acquisition among plants did not affect the tradeoff between the size and number at both flower and capitulum levels of S. dzeurensis. The relationship of flower size and number in plants may be complicated, and studies at population, individual and inflorescence levels will contribute to understanding the resource allocation of flowers and mechanism of flower display evolution.
 

Key words: burned area, soil organic carbon, soil dissolved organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon