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温度驯化对鲫偏好游泳行为的影响

吴青怡,曾令清,付世建*   

  1. (重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室, 重庆市动物生物学重点实验室, 重庆 401331)
  • 出版日期:2016-02-10 发布日期:2016-02-10

Effects of temperature acclimation on preferred swimming behavior in crucian carp (Carassius auratus).

WU Qing-yi, ZENG Ling-qing, FU Shi-jian*   

  1. (Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China)
  • Online:2016-02-10 Published:2016-02-10

摘要: 温度变化通常会引起鱼类的生理功能和游泳行为产生适应性变化。为考察温度驯化对鲫偏好游泳速度的影响,本研究以鲫(Carassius auratus)为实验对象,分别在(15±1) ℃和(25±1) ℃条件下将单尾实验鱼置于梯度流速选择仪(流速范围为11.86~65.45 cm·s-1,等距离划分为5个流速区域,从第一到第五流速区域的流速连续增加)中拍摄1 h,采用Ethovision XT9软件分析视频资料并计算实验鱼在不同流速区域平均进入频次(F,次)、单次进入停留时间(T,s·次-1)和平均停留时间百分比(Pt,%)等流速选择行为指标。结果表明:25 ℃下,随着流速的上升、F值显著增加以及水流速度过高,鲫无法在最高流速区域停留较长时间而导致鲫在第四流速区域的Pt达到47%,显著高于其他流速区域(P<0.05);15 ℃下,鲫第一到第三流速区域的F值相近,而第四和第五流速区域F显著下降;同时其T值的最大值也出现在最低流速区域,导致该温度组的最低流速区域的Pt达到最大(37%),显著高于其他流速区域(P<0.05);在第一至第三速流速区域25 ℃组的F显著低于15 ℃组,且25 ℃组实验鱼在第四流速区域的T值显著大于15 ℃组(P<0.05),导致25 ℃组在第一、第二速流速区域的Pt显著低于15 ℃组,而25 ℃组在第四、第五速流速区域的Pt显著高于15 ℃组(P<0.05);实验鱼在25和15 ℃下其偏好游泳速度分别为27.91~41.30和11.86~15.18 cm·s-1;温度下降导致鲫的偏好游泳速度明显降低,与低温环境下鲫的整体生理功能受限有关。

关键词: 土地城市化质量, 人口城市化质量, 耦合协调

Abstract: Temperature changes usually induce the adaptive regulations of physiological function and swimming behavior of fish. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of temperature acclimation on preferred swimming behavior in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). To achieve our goal, experimental fish were firstly videoed individually in a selfmade preferred water velocity determining device, i.e., a 1.5m long conical raceway with water speed gradually increasing from 11.86 to 65.45 cm·s-1 (which was evenly divided into five velocity intervals) at (25±1) ℃ and (15±1) ℃. The videos were then analyzed by the software Ethovision XT19, and those parameters, including frequency (F), the average duration of each fish stayed (T) and the percent time stayed (Pt) at each water velocity interval were calculated. Our results showed that Pt of crucian carp reached 47% at the fourth water velocity interval when acclimated at 25 ℃, and it was significantly higher than those at the other water velocity intervals due to the combinative effects of increased water velocity on F and T. However, when acclimated at 15 ℃, the F showed no significant change from the first to the third water velocity intervals, but the F of the fourth and fifth water velocity intervals dropped significantly. Meanwhile, the maximal value of the T appeared at the first water velocity interval. Hence, the Pt of the first water velocity interval was 37%, which was higher than those of other intervals (P<0.05). The F of 25 ℃ group was significantly lower than that of 15 ℃ group from the first to third water velocity interval, and the T of 25 ℃ group was larger than that of 15 ℃ group at the fourth water velocity interval (P<0.05). Thus, the Pt of 25 ℃ group was lower than that of 15 ℃ group at first and second water velocity intervals, whereas the Pt value of 25 ℃ group was higher than that of 15 ℃ group at the fourth and fifth water velocity intervals (P<0.05). The present study suggests that the preferred swimming speeds of the experimental fish were 27.91-41.30 and 11.86-15.18 cm·s-1 at 25 and 15 ℃, respectively. The preferred swimming speed of the crucian carp decreased with water temperature, which may be related to the downregulation of the physiological functions of fish acclimated at the cold environment.

Key words: quality of population urbanization, coupled coordination, quality of land urbanization