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辽河源自然保护区油松群落结构及物种多样性

王泺鑫,韩海荣*,程小琴,康峰峰   

  1. (北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083)
  • 出版日期:2016-02-10 发布日期:2016-02-10

Community structure and species diversity of Pinus tabuliformis forest in the Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve.

WANG Luo-xin, HAN Hai-rong*, CHENG Xiao-qin, KANG Feng-feng   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Conservation of the Province and the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Online:2016-02-10 Published:2016-02-10

摘要: 采用样方调查方法,对河北辽河源自然保护区油松(Pinus tabuliformis)天然次生林的物种组成、群落结构及物种多样性进行研究,结果表明:研究样地内共有维管束植物42科、92属、146种。4个龄组群落垂直结构明显,乔木层、灌木层、草本层的优势种分别为油松、土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens)+蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、薹草(Carex tristachya)。4个龄组的丰富度指数和多样性指数均为草本层>灌木层,幼龄林均匀度指数表现为灌木层>草本层,其他龄组的均匀度指数为草本层>灌木层。林下物种多样性表现为:灌木层的物种丰富度指数、Shannon多样性指数均为幼龄林>成熟林>中龄林>近熟林,Simpson多样性指数为成熟林>幼龄林>中龄林>近熟林,而均匀度指数为近熟林>中龄林>成熟林>幼龄林;草本层的物种丰富度指数为幼龄林>近熟林>成熟林>中龄林,Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和均匀度指数均为近熟林>成熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。

关键词: 施肥距离, 玉米/大豆套作, 氮肥利用率, 减量施氮

Abstract: The community structure and species diversity of Pinus tabuliformis natural forest were studied by using quadrat investigation in the Liaoheyuan Nature Reserve, Hebei Province. The results showed that 146 vascular species existed in the sampling plots, belonging to 92 genera and 42 families. The four aged P. tabuliformis natural forest stands exhibited obvious vertical structures. The dominant species in arbor layer, shrub layer, and herb layer were P. tabuliformis, Spiraea pubescens + Quercus mongolica, Carex tristachya, respectively. The richness and diversity indexes were higher in herb layer than in shrub layer. The evenness index was higher in shrub layer than in herb layer in young stands, while the opposite was true for the other stands. The richness and Shannon diversity indexes in shrub layer of the four stands ranked as follows: young forest > mature forest > middle-aged forest > pre-mature forest, Simpson diversity index ranked from high to low as mature forest > young forest > middleaged forest > pre-mature forest, while evenness index had the order of pre-mature forest > middle-aged forest > mature forest > young forest. In herb layer, the richness index followed an order of young forest > pre-mature forest > mature forest > middle-aged forest, while the Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index and evenness index showed the order of pre-mature forest > mature forest > middle-aged forest > young forest.

Key words: reduced N application, fertilizing distance, maize/soybean intercropping system, N use efficiency