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中东大西洋中部海域中上层鱼类中心渔场的时空变化

逄志伟,李显森*,朱建成,孙珊,应一平   

  1. (中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071)
  • 出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-10

Spatiotemporal patterns of central fishing ground of pelagic fishes in the sea area of central Eastern Central Atlantic.

PANG Zhi-wei, LI Xian-sen*, ZHU Jian-cheng, SUN Shan, YING Yi-ping   

  1. (Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China).
  • Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-10

摘要:

根据2012年1—8月和2014年12月—2015年7月中国大型拖网渔船在中东大西洋中部海域佛得角海岸(FAO34渔区3.11小区)的渔捞日志资料以及遥感获取的海洋环境数据,利用产量重心法、地统计插值、数理统计、广义加性模型(generalized additive models, GAM)等方法,对该海域中上层鱼类平均单位捕捞努力渔获量(CPUE)的月变化、中心渔场的时空变动及其与海表温度(SST)、叶绿素a浓度、经度、纬度的关系进行了分析。结果表明:该海域各月平均CPUE基本呈先减少、后增加的趋势;中心渔场的分布具有明显的月变化,基本呈先由北往南推移,且在3—4月份到达最南端,后由南往北推移趋势;不同月份渔场中心叶绿素a浓度为0~10 mg·m-3,且渔场中心叶绿素a浓度以7~9 mg·m-3居多;不同月份渔场中心的SST为17.3~27.6 ℃,且渔场中心的SST以19~21 ℃居多。GAM模型分析表明,渔场的最适SST为20~22 ℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为4.480~7.388 mg·m-3,经度集中在16°40′ W附近,纬度集中在19° N附近。海洋环境与CPUE的回归方程显著性检验表明,除了SST呈不显著外,叶绿素a浓度和空间因子与CPUE的回归关系均极显著(P<0.01),影响渔场的因子按重要性从大到小依次为经度、纬度、叶绿素a浓度和SST。分析认为,洋流产生并导致的涌升流的位置变化对佛得角海岸FAO34渔区3.11小区中心渔场的时空变化具有重要影响。
 

关键词: 危险性, 综合风险, 干旱, 防灾减灾能力, 脆弱性

Abstract: According to the marine environmental data obtained by remote sensing and fishing logs of Chinese vessels in waters of Cape Verde coast (FAO Fishing Area 34, Subdivision 3.11), central Eastern Central Atlantic, from January to August, 2012 and from December 2014 to July 2015, monthly changes of catch per unit effort (CPUE), spatiotemporal changes of central fishing ground, and their relationships to environmental factors, including chlorophyll a concentration,  sea surface temperature (SST), longitude and latitude, were analyzed by using a productioncentered method, statistical interpolation, mathematical statistics, and generalized additive models (GAM). The results showed that the monthly CPUE increased at first and then decreased. The central fishing ground had an obvious monthly variation; It moved from north to south and reached southernmost in March or April, and then moved from south to north. Chlorophyll a concentration of fishing centers in different months was 0-10 mg·m-3, with 7-9 mg·m-3 in majority. SST of fishing centers in different months was 17.3-27.6 ℃, with 19-21 ℃ in majority. GAM model analysis revealed that the optimum SST of fishing ground was 20-22 ℃, the optimum chlorophyll a concentration of fishing ground was 4.480-7.388 mg·m-3, longitude concentrated around 16°40′ W, and latitude around 19° N. Regression analysis between CPUE and marine environmental data indicated that, except SST, chlorophyll a concentration and the spatial factors were strongly correlated to CPUE. The results of GAM showed that the relative importance of the four variables affecting the fishing grounds of pelagic fishes was in order of longitude, latitude, chlorophyll a concentration, and SST. The location changes of upwelling, caused and generated by ocean currents, had important impacts on the spatial and temporal variation of the Cape Verde coastal fishing ground.

Key words: vulnerability, drought, danger, integrated risk, disaster prevention and mitigation capacity.