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河套灌区不同强度低温冷害对玉米生物量累积和产量的影响

孙琳丽1,侯琼2,赵慧颖3*,李思慧1,赵放3,邹艳东1   

  1. (1内蒙古通辽市气象局, 内蒙古通辽 028000; 2内蒙古自治区气象科学研究所, 呼和浩特 010051; 3黑龙江省气象科学研究所,〖JP〗 哈尔滨 150030)
  • 出版日期:2016-01-10 发布日期:2016-01-10

Effects of chilling damages with different intensities on biomass accumulation and yield of maize in Hetao irrigation region.

SUN Lin-li1, HOU Qiong2, ZHAO Hui-ying3*, LI Si-hui1, ZHAO Fang3, ZUO Yan-dong1   

  1. (1 Tongliao Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China; 2 Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hohhot 010051, China; 3Heilongjiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin 150030, China)
  • Online:2016-01-10 Published:2016-01-10

摘要: 深入揭示不同发育期、不同强度和持续日数的低温冷害对玉米生物量累积和产量的影响,对农业防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文以河套灌区玉米低温冷害为研究对象,在对WOFOST模型进行参数校准的基础上,通过数值模拟试验方法,对模型在研究区域上的适应性进行了分析、检验,同时探讨了不同发育阶段出现不同强度和持续日数低温对玉米贮存器官生物量累积和产量的影响。结果表明:在玉米出苗-灌浆期中的每个发育期发生低温时,玉米贮存器官生物量累积和产量对低温强度和持续日数的响应程度基本一致;当降温强度不同、持续日数相同时,灌浆期低温对玉米产量和贮存器官生物量累积的影响最大;当降温强度相同,持续日数不同时,低温持续日数1 d,玉米拔节至抽雄期发生的低温对贮存器官生物量和产量的影响最大,低温持续日数大于3 d时,玉米灌浆期发生的低温对贮存器官生物量和产量的影响最大;发生时段不同时,出苗至拔节期发生的低温,玉米产量和贮存器官生物量随低温持续日数增加而减少,但持续日数相同,不同低温强度对其影响差别不大;其他发育阶段随着低温强度加大,持续日数增加,玉米产量和贮存器官生物量减少。本文结果较好地反映了研究区低温冷害对玉米生长影响的实际情况,可为当地农业生产决策提供科学依据。

关键词: 麻竹, 钩梢, 生物量分配, 立竹

Abstract: Exploring the influence of chilling damages on maize growth and development has great significance to prevention and reduction of agricultural disasters. Based on parameter adjustment of WOFOST growth model, we analyzed the impacts of different intensities and durations of low temperature on maize biomass and yield in Hetao irrigation region by numerical simulation. The results showed that the response of biomass accumulation and yield to the intensity and duration of low temperature was basically identical during each single developmental stage from emergence to filling stages. Low temperature at filling stage had the most serious impact on maize biomass accumulation and yield under same duration of low temperatures. When the low temperature lasted one day, low temperature at jointingtasseling stage had the most serious impact on maize biomass accumulation and yield. When the low temperature lasted more than 3 days, the low temperature during filling stage had the biggest influence on maize biomass accumulation and yield. The maize biomass and yield deceased with the increasing duration of low temperature from emergence to jointing stages, but different low temperature intensities had quite similar impacts on the biomass and yield when the duration was same. Moreover, the maize biomass and yield declined with the longer duration and greater low temperature intensity during other developmental stages. The results reflected the actual impacts of chilling damage on maize growth in the study area, providing scientific basis for the local agricultural production decision making.

Key words: living culm, Dendrocalamus latiflorus, biomass allocation, truncation