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重庆江北机场鸟类群落结构及鸟击防范

吴雪1,杜杰2,李晓娟2,廖文波1**   

  1. (1西华师范大学生命科学学院珍稀动植物研究所, 西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室, 四川南充 637003; 2重庆
    机场集团有限公司, 重庆 401120)
  • 出版日期:2015-07-10 发布日期:2015-07-10

Avian community structure and bird strike prevention measures at Jiangbei Airport in Chongqing City, China.

WU Xue1, DU Jie2, LI Xiao-juan2, LIAO Wen-bo1**   

  1. ( 1Institute of Rare Animals & Plants, College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, Nanchong 637003, Sichuan, China; 2 Chongqing Airport Group Co., Ltd, Chongqing 401120, China)
  • Online:2015-07-10 Published:2015-07-10

摘要: 鸟击对民用和军用飞机的飞行安全构成严重威胁,了解和掌握机场及其周边地区的鸟类群落结构对机场开展鸟击防范工作具有重要意义。本研究于2013年6月至2014年5月,采用固定距离样线法对重庆江北机场以机场中心为圆心、半径8 km范围内的区域进行鸟类多样性调查。共记录鸟类102种,隶属于15目、40科。其中留鸟44种,夏候鸟30种,冬候鸟13种,旅鸟15种;雀形目鸟类占绝对优势,计54种,占调查鸟类物种总数的52.94%。对鸟类群落结构分析结果表明,冬季密度最大,夏季最低;秋季的多样性指数最高,夏季最低;春季的均匀度指数最高,夏季最低;夏季的优势度指数最高,秋季最低。结合鸟类的密度D值、分布系数ADC值、鸟击风险值R、相对风险比例RE以及鸟类生活习性等综合分析,与鸟击发生关系密切的鸟种为家燕(Hirundo rustica)、灰椋鸟(Sturnus cineraceus)、八哥(Acridotheres cristatellus)、黑卷尾(Dicrurus macrocercus)、金翅(Carduelis spinus)、珠颈斑鸠(Phasianus colchicus)以及人工饲养物种家鸽(Columba domestica)等,根据调查结果对重庆江北机场的鸟击防范工作提出了综合防治建议。

关键词: 水文基因, 演变规律, 非一致性, 水文变异, 遗传理论, 水文学原理

Abstract:

Bird strikes threaten civil and military aircrafts. It is necessary to understand the community of birds around the airport and its nearby areas to avoid bird strikes. We surveyed avian community at Jiangbei Airport and its surrounding areas by using line transect method from June 2013 to May 2014. We recorded a total of 102 species belonging to 40 families and 15 orders, which included 44 residents, 30 summer migrants, 13 winter migrants and 15 passing migrants. Among these species, Passeriformes (54 species) was in the dominant position, accounting for 52.94% of the total species. We also found that the bird density was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The diversity index was the highest in autumn and the lowest in summer. The highest and lowest evenness indexes were observed in spring and summer, respectively, and the highest and lowest dominance indexes in summer and autumn, respectively. Considering the density, ADCvalue, bird strike risk value, relative bird strike risk percentage and habits of birds, the species closely related to bird strikes included Hirundo rustica, Sturnus cineraceus, Acridotheres cristatellus, Dicrurus macrocercus, Carduelis spinus, Phasianus colchicus and domestic species Columba domestica. Finally, we provided comprehensive suggestions and control measures for avoiding bird strikes at Jiangbei Airport in Chongqing.
 

Key words: inheritance theory, hydrological variability, principle of hydrology, hydrological gene, evolution law, inconsistent.