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辽东山区次生林与人工林大型地表节肢动物多样性

许洪军1,于立忠2,3,黄选瑞1,朱教君2,3,杨晋宇1,2**,高尚林4,王拥军4   

  1. (1河北农业大学林学院, 河北保定 071000; 2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 3中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站, 沈阳 110016; 4辽宁省清原县大苏河林场, 辽宁清原 113312)
  • 出版日期:2015-03-10 发布日期:2015-03-10

Biodiversity of macro grounddwelling arthropods in secondary forests and plantation forests of montane region of eastern Liaoning Province.

XU Hong-jun1, YU Li-zhong2,3, HUANG Xuan-rui1, ZHU Jiao-jun2,3, YANG Jin-yu1,2**, GAO Shang-lin4, WANG Yong-jun4   

  1. (1College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China; 2Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 3Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 4Dasuhe Forest Farm, Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province, Qingyuan 113312, Liaoning, China)
  • Online:2015-03-10 Published:2015-03-10

摘要: 采用陷阱法在地表节肢动物活动高峰期(7—8月)对辽东山区蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)林、胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)林和阔叶混交林3种次生林以及红松(Pinus koraiensis)人工林和落叶松(Larix spp.)人工林地表节肢动物群落进行了调查。共捕获地表节肢动物5135头,隶属于7纲18目66个类群,优势类群为蚁科(20.4%)、葬甲科(19.5%)、蜣螂科(17.2%)和步甲科(14.5%);地表节肢动物的功能群丰度依次为:腐食性>杂食性>捕食性>植食性;系统聚类分析表明,地表节肢动物群落和地表甲虫群落均显示红松人工林、落叶松人工林和胡桃楸林群落结构聚为一类,蒙古栎林和阔叶混交林群落聚为一类;冗余度分析表明,凋落物厚度、植被盖度与树高因子可以解释地表节肢动物及地表甲虫群落差异的85.9%和81.9%。研究结果表明,研究区森林植被及凋落物状况、人为干扰是影响研究区大型地表节肢动物群落多样性的重要因素。

关键词: 自然保护区, 生态值, 戴云山, 地块选择, 自学习, 禁忌搜索

Abstract: Using the pitfall trapping method, the ground-dwelling arthropod communities were investigated in three types of secondary forests (Quercus mongolica, Juglans mandshurica, and broadleaved mixed forest) and two types of plantation forests (Pinus koraiensis and Larix spp.) in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province during the active time from July to August. A total of 5135 individuals of grounddwelling arthropods were collected, belonging to 7 classes, 18 orders, and 66 groups. Formicidae (20.4%), Silphidae (19.5%), Scarabaeidae (17.2%) and Carabidae (14.5%) were the dominant taxa. The abundance of the functional groups was ranked as saprozoic > omnivore > predator > phytophage. According to the system clustering analysis, P. koraiensis plantation forest, Larix spp. plantation forest and J. mandshurica forest were grouped together; Q. mongolica forest and the broad-leaved mixed forest were clustered into one group. Based on the redundancy analysis (RDA), litter depth, vegetation cover and tree height could explain 85.9% and 81.9% of community distribution variation of ground-dwelling arthropods and beetles, respectively. This study indicated that forest vegetation and litter distribution, and human disturbance in the study region were the key factors influencing the diversity of macro grounddwelling arthropod community.

Key words: self-learning, site selection, ecological value, Daiyun Mountain, tabu search, nature reserve