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山西历山国家级自然保护区猕猴栖息地优势树种生态位特征

铁军1,2**,李燕芬3,金山1,2,陈艳彬1,张桂萍1,2,茹文明1,2   

  1. 1长治学院生物科学与技术系, 山西长治 046011; 2太行山生态与环境研究所, 山西长治 046011; 3山西师范大学生命科学学院, 山西临汾 041004)
  • 出版日期:2015-03-10 发布日期:2015-03-10

Niche characteristics of dominant tree species in Macaca mulatta habitat of Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi. 

TIE Jun1,2**, LI Yan-fen3, JIN Shan1,2, CHEN Yan-bin1, ZHANG Gui-ping1,2, RU Wen-ming1,2   

  1. (1Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi College, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China; 2 Ecological and Environmental Research Institute of Taihang Mountain, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China; 3 College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, Shanxi, China)
  • Online:2015-03-10 Published:2015-03-10

摘要: 采用Shannon生态位宽度指数和Levins生态位重叠指数计算法,分析了历山国家级自然保护区猕猴栖息地森林22个主要优势树种(包括12种乔木和10种灌木)的生态位特征。结果表明:(1)乔木层中生态位宽度最大的为鹅耳枥(3.477),其次为千金榆(3.340)、野核桃(3.194)和蒙古栎(3.123),最低为榆树(1.039);在灌木层中连翘的生态位宽度(3.491)最大,三裂绣线菊(3.017)、珍珠梅(1.938)、胡颓子(1.759)和葱皮忍冬(1.593)次之,大花溲疏(1.131)最低,说明它们具有较好的环境适应性,在竞争中占有优势地位;(2)22个优势种的生态位普遍产生重叠,但重叠程度均较小,优势种生态位相似性为0.10~0.30,表明历山猕猴栖息地优势种间竞争并不激烈;(3)生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间的关系并不是绝对的正相关,这可能是由物种所处生境的异质性决定的。

关键词: 光合生理特征, 植物叶性状, 坡向, 微生境, 亚高寒草甸

Abstract: The niche characteristics of 22 dominant species, including 12 trees and 10 shrubs, in Macaca mulatta habitat of Lishan National Nature Reserve were analyzed by using Shannon’s niche breadth and Levins’s niche overlap indices. The results indicated that: (1) Carpinus turczaninowii had the largest niche breadth (3.477), followed by Carpinus cordata (3.340), Juglans cathayensis (3.194), Quercus mongolica (3.123), and Ulmus pumila had the least niche breadth (1.039) in the tree layer. In the shrub layer, the niche breadth value of Forsythia suspensa was the largest (3.491), followed by Spiraea trilobata (3.017), Sorbaria sorbifolia (1.938), Elaeagnus pungens (1.759), Lonicera ferdinandii (1.593), and Deutzia grandiflora had the least (1.131). The results suggested that these shrubs had strong adaptability to the environment and competition for the resources. (2) There were low niche overlaps among 22 trees. The niche similarity coefficients were from 0.10 to 0.30, suggesting that interspecific competition among those trees was relatively weak. (3) There was no complete positive correlation between the niche breadth and niche overlap, and this result may be determined by the heterogeneity of the habitat.

Key words: photosynthetic physiological characteristics, slope aspect, subalpine meadow, plant leaf trait, microhabitat