神农架地区川金丝猴栖息地四种树生地衣的氮敏感性

生态学杂志

神农架地区川金丝猴栖息地四种树生地衣的氮敏感性

王传华^1,2**,杨林¹,袁巧玲1,SilvanaMunzi³,刘明军^4

(¹三峡大学生物与制药学院，湖北宜昌 443002； ²三峡地区地质灾害与生态环境湖北省协同创新中心，湖北宜昌 443002； ³Center for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon, Portugal；^4襄阳市白蚁防治研究管理所，湖北襄阳441003)

出版日期:2015-03-10 发布日期:2015-03-10

Nitrogen sensitivity of four epiphyte lichens from habitats of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia Nature Reserve.

WANG Chuan-hua^1,2**, YANG Lin¹, YUAN Qiao-ling¹, Silvana Munzi³, LIU Ming-jun⁴

(¹College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; ^2Collaborative Innovation Center for GeoHazards and EcoEnvironment in Three Gorges Area, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; ³Center for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon, Portugal; ⁴Termite Control Institute of Xiangyang, Xiangyang 441003, Hubei, China)

Online:2015-03-10 Published:2015-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解氮沉降对神农架地区川金丝猴栖息地地衣多样性的潜在影响，本文以最大光合效率F_v/F_m、地衣细胞膜完整性(RE)和叶绿素OD₄₃₅/OD₄₁₅为指标，以神农架地区生物量较大、可能被川金丝猴取食的4种树生地衣(长松萝Usnea longissima、桦树松萝Usnea betulina、杯树花日本变种Ramalina calicaris var. japonica和裸缘衣Parmotrema hypoleucinum)为对象，以去离子水和不同浓度的KNO₃、NH₄NO₃和(NH₄)₂SO₄的溶液浸泡处理，采用Mini-PAM荧光仪在氮处理前和处理后的0、24、48和72 h分别测定地衣的F_v/F_m值，在72 h后测定地衣浸出液电导率RE和叶绿素OD₄₃₅/OD₄₁₅值，研究4种地衣的氮敏感性。结果表明，4种地衣对72 h的高氮处理均表现出敏感性，但敏感的氮素类型和指示指标存在种间差异。其中，（1）以F_v/F_m为指标，长松萝和桦树松萝对KNO₃最敏感，杯树花日本变种和裸缘衣则对(NH₄)₂SO₄较为敏感；（2）以RE为指标时，长松萝和桦树松萝对(NH₄)₂SO₄最敏感，而杯树花日本变种在KNO₃、NH₄NO₃和(NH₄)₂SO₄间无差异，裸缘衣则对(NH₄)₂SO₄较为敏感；（3）以OD₄₃₅/OD₄₁₅为指标时，长松萝和裸缘衣对(NH₄)₂SO₄较为敏感，桦树松萝对KNO₃和(NH₄)₂SO₄均敏感，杯树花日本变种则对KNO₃、NH₄NO₃和(NH₄)₂SO₄均敏感。上述研究结果不仅证明川金丝猴栖息地树生地衣面临氮沉降的现实威胁，还说明其氮敏感性具有种特异性和及其作用机制的复杂性。因此，进一步开展川金丝猴栖息地氮沉降特征及其对川金丝猴主食地衣影响的研究，对川金丝猴保育具有重要的意义。

关键词: 土壤孔隙度, 土壤容重, 核桃, 间作, 农林复合系统, 小麦

Abstract: To explore the potential impacts of nitrogen deposition on lichen diversity in SnubNosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) habitats in Shennongjia, an insitu experiment was conducted in a forest in Shennongjia Nature Reserve. Four common epiphytic lichens (Usnea longissima, Usnea betulina, Ramalina calicaris var. japonica and Parmotrema hypoleucinum) were collected, then soaked in solutions of KNO₃, NH₄NO₃, (NH₄)₂SO₄, or deionized water three times, for half an hour each time at 0, 24 and 48 h, respectively; then F_v/F_m, cell integrity (measured as solution electrical conductivity, RE) and chlorophyll OD₄₃₅/OD₄₁₅ were measured after 72 h, which are indexes indicating lichen sensitivity to nitrogen deposition. The results showed that higher nitrogen concentration led to a significant decrease of F_v/F_m and OD₄₃₅/OD₄₁₅ and a significant increase of RE. Furthermore, speciesspecific differences in sensitivity were found for different nitrogen types and different indications. Based on the response of F_v/F_m, U. longissima and U. betulina were more sensitive to KNO₃ than to NH₄SO₄ and NH₄NO₃, but R. calicaris var. japonica and P. hypoleucinum were more sensitive to (NH₄)₂SO₄ than to KNO₃ and NH₄NO₃. According to RE response to nitrogen treatment, U. longissim, U. betulina and P. hypoleucinum were most sensitive to (NH₄)₂SO₄, but there was no significant difference among responses of R. calicaris var. japonica to KNO₃, NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄. As with OD₄₃₅/OD₄₁₅, U. longissim and P. hypoleucinum were more sensitive to (NH₄)₂SO₄ than to KNO₃ and NH₄NO₃, U. betulina was more sensitive to KNO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ than to NH₄NO₃, but R. calicaris var. japonica was equally sensitive to the three nitrogen types. The results suggested that more attention should be paid to negative effects of nitrate deposition on habitats of SnubNosed Monkey at Shennongjia Nature Reserve, and further investigation on effects of nitrogen deposition on lichen biomass accumulation and nutrition components should be conducted to a perfect conservation of Sichuan SnubNosed Monkey.

Key words: wheat, soil porosity, intercropping, walnut tree, agroforestry system, soil bulk density

王传华1,2**,杨林1,袁巧玲1,SilvanaMunzi3,刘明军4. 神农架地区川金丝猴栖息地四种树生地衣的氮敏感性[J]. 生态学杂志.

WANG Chuan-hua1,2**, YANG Lin1, YUAN Qiao-ling1, Silvana Munzi3, LIU Ming-jun4. Nitrogen sensitivity of four epiphyte lichens from habitats of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia Nature Reserve.[J]. cje.

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