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人工林不同营造模式对土壤线虫群落的影响

王群1,李萌1,刘世荣2,吴鹏飞1**   

  1. (1西南民族大学青藏高原研究院, 成都 610041; 2中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 北京 100091)
  • 出版日期:2015-12-10 发布日期:2015-12-10

Effects of different silvicultural patterns of plantation forests on soil nematode communities.

WANG Qun1, LI Meng1, LIU Shi-rong2, WU Peng-fei1**   

  1. (1Institute of QinghaiTibet Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; 2Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)
  • Online:2015-12-10 Published:2015-12-10

摘要: 为了研究南亚热带人工林不同营造模式对土壤线虫群落的影响,于2013年7月在中国林业科学院热带林业实验中心林场分别选取针叶林(马尾松林、杉木林)、阔叶林(米老排、红椎林)及混交林(马尾松-红椎、马尾松-大叶栎),并对6种营造模式人工林的土壤线虫及土壤理化性质进行了调查。共鉴定线虫16853条,平均密度为1873条·100 g-1干土,隶属于2纲8目32科53属,其中基齿属、微咽属和金线属为优势属:PCA分析结果表明,杉木林与米老排林、马尾松-红椎混交林与红椎林的线虫群落结构相似性较高。线虫群落密度以马尾松-大叶栎混交林最大,红椎林和马尾松-红椎混交林较低,Shannon指数和均匀度指数均以马尾松林和米老排林较高,以马尾松-大叶栎混交林最低:成熟指数MI、PPI、PPI/MI指数和丰富度指数在不同经营模式间均无显著差异,而杂食-捕食性线虫、食细菌性线虫和植物寄生性线虫密度和WI指数差异显著。相关分析表明,土壤磷含量与植物寄生、食细菌、食真菌线虫显著相关,而土壤钾含量仅与杂食-捕食性线虫显著正相关。结果表明,6种经营模式对线虫组成和营养结构有明显影响,土壤磷和钾含量是影响线虫群落营养结构的主要因子。

关键词: 16S rDNA, 碳源, 泛菌, 氮源, 有机酸

Abstract: Six silvicultural patterns of plantation forests, including coniferous forests (Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata), broadleaf forests (Mytilaria laosensis, Castanopsis hystrix) and mixed forests (Pinus massoniana+Castanopsis hystrix, Pinus massoniana +Castanopsis fissa), were selected at the Experimental Centre of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry in July 2013, and soil nematode communities and soil physicochemical properties were investigated to reveal the effects of silvicultural patterns on the soil nematode communities. A total of 16853 individuals of nematode were extracted, belonging to 53 genera, 32 families, 8 orders and 2 phyla. The mean density of the nematodes was 1873 ind·100 g-1 dry soil. The dominant genera were Iotonchus, Microlaimus and Chrysonema. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the structures of soil nematode communities were similar between the C. lanceolata forest and the M. laosensis forest, and the same pattern was observed between the C. hystrix forest and the mixed P. massoniana + C. hystrix forest. The densities of soil nematodes were smaller in the C. hystrix forest and the mixed P. massoniana + C. hystrix forest than in the other forests. The Shannon index and Pielou index of soil nematode communities in the P. massoniana and M. laosensis forests were greater than those of the other forests. The highest density and lowest Shannon index and Pielou index were found in the mixed P. massoniana + C. fissa forest. The differences in taxonomic richness, freeliving nematode maturity index (MI), plantparasitic maturity index (PPI) and PPI/MI index were not significant among these silvicultural patterns. However, predatorsomnivores, bacterivores, plant parasites and Wasilewska index (WI) differed significantly among these silvicultural patterns. Correlation analysis showed that the densities of plant parasites, bacterivores and fungivores were affected significantly by soil P content, while a significant positive relationship was found between soil K content and the density of predatorsomnivores. These results demonstrated that different silvicultural patterns influenced the functional structure and composition of soil nematode communities. Soil P and K were the main factors affecting the trophic structure of soil nematode communities.

Key words: nitrogen sources, carbon sources, organic acid, 16S rDNA, Pantoea sp