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水源圈对荒漠草原土壤种子库的影响

连仲民1,2,徐婷3,徐文轩1,吴珂1,2,杨维康1**,David BLANK1   

  1. (1中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3伊犁哈萨克自治州气象局, 新疆伊宁 835000)
  • 出版日期:2015-10-10 发布日期:2015-10-10

Piosphere effect on soil seed bank in desert steppe.

LIAN Zhong-min1,2, XU Ting3, XU Wen-xuan1, WU ke1,2, YANG Wei-kang1**, David BLANK1   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;  3Yili Meteorological Bureau, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China)
  • Online:2015-10-10 Published:2015-10-10

摘要: 草场上,由于饮水的需求导致牲畜经常在水源点和草场间往返,从而出现“水源圈”现象。本研究以新疆准噶尔盆地东南缘荒漠草原人工水源点为中心,在距其50、100、200、400、800和1200 m处设置了6个采样点,通过室内培养获得了土壤种子库数据。结果表明:土壤种子库共有17种植物,分属于8科,藜科和菊科居多,其中1年生草本植物10种,多年生草本植物7种。水源圈内土壤种子库密度在211.5~362.5粒·m-2,其中距水源点50 m处土壤种子库密度最低,距水源点1200 m处最高。距离水源圈越近,土壤种子库的物种数量极显著增加(P<0.01),1年生草本植物种数所占比例减小,多年生草本植物种数所占比例增大。在相邻采样点间,土壤种子库物种组成相似性指数较高,为0.70~0.84,表现出较小的空间异质性。距离水源点越近,多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数越大,水源圈效应增加了土壤种子库物种数量,导致主要建群植物种子减少,短命、类短命草本植物种子增加。

关键词: 小叶锦鸡儿, 灌丛特征, 发育规律, 积雪形态, 阻雪模型

Abstract: In grasslands, livestock often concentrate in the vicinity of water point due to watering demands, which generates piosphere. We set 6 sampling distances (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 m) from an artificial water point in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, and collected soil samples to investigate the soil seed bank. Our analysis showed that there were 17 species belonging to 8 families in the soil seed bank. The species were mainly from Compositae and Chenopodiaceae. The numbers of annual herbs and perennial herbs were 10 and 7 respectively. The soil seed bank density was 211.5-362.5 seeds·m-2, and the lowest density of soil seed bank was found in the closest vicinity of the water point (50 m), while the highest was observed in the farthest area (1200 m). The species number of the soil seed bank significantly decreased (P<0.01) with distance from water point; the percentage of the annual herbs increased, while the percentage of the perennial herbs decreased. The similarity indexes of the soil seed bank between every two adjacent sampling points were 0.70-0.84, displaying small spatial heterogeneity. The Shannon, Margalef and Pielou indexes of soil seed bank decreased with distance from water point. These results suggested that the number of plant species in soil seed bank was increased by piosphere effect. Consequently, the number of constructive species seeds decreased, while the number of ephemeral and ephemeroid plant seeds increased.

Key words: snow morphology, shrub characteristics, Caragana microphylla, counteracting snow movement model., development pattern